Recipient of retirement allowances: those insured, who receive old-age pension, benefit or other provision from the Central Administration of Nataional Pension Insurance or – till 31 December 2007 – from the Hungarian State Railways.
New retirement resolutions: resolutions of state administrative procedures embodying the positive appraisal of claims to grant pension or other retirement provision.
Pension by own right: old-age, disability and accident disability pension and pension on employment policy grounds and rehabilitation annuity. Old age pension: pension received after a resolution accepting the retirement claim presented by the person who reached retirement age, or reached the stipulated service time. Disability pension, accident disability pension: pension claimed before reaching the retirement age due to the deterioration of working ability, which is also dependent on the degree of disability. Pensions on employment policy grounds: collective term for the miners' pensions, early retirement pensions and pre- pensions in the statutory pension statistics. Rehabilitation annuity: from 1 January 2008 this new social security pension was introduced for people with ill-health. Beside providing income-type allowance, it also aims at facilitating employment rehabilitation and thus at reintegrating into the labour market. The amount of the annuity equals to 120 percent of the disability pension. In order that the rehabilitation is successful, those receiving rehabilitation pension are obliged to cooperate with the respective regional job centre (this is the precondition for receiving this pension).
Sick-pay: Payment provision for sick leave (calculated to calendar days); it may not exceed one year.
Sick leave: An eligible employee – during the first 15 days of his/her sickness – is entitled to sick leave. This may not exceed 15 working days in a calendar year.
An insuree is entitled to sick-pay, if he/she
| a) | becomes unfit for work during the period of insurance or on the first, second or third day following the cessation thereof and |
| b) | bears an obligation to pay the health insurance contribution as defined in Act LXXX of 1997. |
Sick-pay days: those of the sick leave days for which the insured person received sick-pay (in calendar days).
Sick-pay case: ccases of unfitness for work for which sick-pay was paid and which started during the accounting period.
Average number of persons on sick-pay: quotient of the number of sick-pay days during the period and number of calendar days in the period.
Rate of persons on sick-pay, %: quotient of the daily average number of persons on sick-pay during the period and number of persons entitled to sick-pay in the period *100.
Average number: quotient of the number of benefit days during the period and number of calendar days in the period.
Number of recipients: number of persons claiming benefit for at least one day during the period.
Pregnancy and confinement benefit: A person is eligible for the period (168 days) corresponding to that of maternity leave if she was insured for at least 180 days during the two years preceding birth and
| gives birth during the period insured or within forty-two days following the cessation of insurance, or |
| gives birth later than forty-two days following the cessation of insurance but either while receiving sick pay or accident sick pay or within 28 days after receipt of these has ceased. |
Its amount is 70% of the average daily earning.
Maternity allowance: Any woman, who participates in at least four pregnancy counselling sessions (concerning premature birth one session is required) is eligible for maternity allowance. Furthermore, any adoptive parent receiving a final adoption approval during the first 180 post-birth days as well as any guardian receiving a final guardianship resolution during the first 180 post-birth days. Its amount is equivalent to 225% of the current minimum old age pension, while in case of twins it is 300%.
Family allowance: Monthly provision granted by the state to promote the upbringing and schooling of the child. From 1 April 1990 to 31 March 1996 family allowance was provided by individual right for children up to the school-age, for children in the compulsory schooling age, for children who are over schooling age but still studying in educational system, and for chronically ill or handicapped children. Between 1 April 1996 and 31 December 1998 it was provided for families with 1 or 2 children if the monthly per capita income of the family (calculated on the basis of the previous year) did not exceed the level stipulated by law. In case of families with 3 or more or with chronically ill children the allowance was provided by individual right. Since 1 January 1999 family allowance has been provided again by individual right for children up to the school-age and for chronically ill or disabled children. The parents were granted schooling support for children in the compulsory schooling age (6 to 16 years) and for children still studying in educational system but not surpassing 20 years of age. From 2002 the family allowance is granted again and the schooling support has lapsed.
Child care benefit (gyed): the parent (adoptive parent, guardian) who is considered as having insurance coverage may be granted child-care benefit until the child becomes 2 years old. The child care benefit may be paid to one of the parents after the period of receiving, or being eligible for receiving pregnancy and confinement benefit (168 days). The monthly amount of child care benefit is 70% of the average daily earnings, not exceeding, however, the 70% of double minimum wage. This type of provision was abolished on April 15, 1996 and relaunched on January 1, 2000.
Child care allowance (gyes): a fixed amount provision provided for the parent, the foster parent or the guardian raising the child in her/his own household up to the child's third birthday (in case of twins up to the end of the year of the school age) or up to the tenth birthday of a child who is chronically ill or physically or mentally disabled. From 2001 the grandparent can be additionally entitled to the allowance if the child reached first year of age, is reared in the parent's household and the parents resigned from the child care allowance on the grandparent behalf. The monthly amount of child care allowance is equal to the minimum amount of the old-age pension, while in case of twins it is the 200% of it.
Child raising support: Child raising support is provided for eligible mothers (parents) rearing three or more minor children and the youngest child is between three and eight years. Part time, maximum 4 hour per day, working or full time teleworking may be pursued over receiving child raising support. Child raising support guarantees service time eligibility. The monthly amount of child raising support is equal to the minimum amount of the old-age pension.
Father's leave: The father is entitled to 5 days leave in the first 2 months after the birth, even in case of stillbirth or death of the child.
Source of data: National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), Central Administration of National Pension Insurance.
Taking the child under protection: if parent is not able or does not want to eliminate endangerment of the child through the optinal use of basic provisions, however, it is presumable that, with assistance, development of the child within a family environment may be ensured, the notary of the local goverment shall take the child under protection.
Minors under guardinaship: children not supervised by parents, and for whom the Public Guardianship Authority assigned a guardian. The concept includes also minors living in children's homes, in another family of with a third person.
Persons under truesteeship: persons with incapacity or limited capacity placed under interdiction by court.
Setting up home: fincancial support which aims to facilitate temporary or permanent housing of young persons leaving short-term or long-term foster care.
Professional child protection provision: within the framework of professional child protection, home-like provision shall be ensured for the child temporarily placed or taken into short-term or long-term foster care, further after-care for young person as well as full provision for the child requiring professional provision for other reasons. The provision can be provided in children's homes, at foster parents or in nursing and care institutions.
Minor: a person who has not passed his or her 18th birthday, except married persons.
After-care provision: this provision may be ordered by the guardianship office at the request of a young adult who was previously under child protection if he/she is unable to provide for himself/herself, is in full-time education or is waiting for admission to a residential social institution. After-care provision can be required up to the age of 25. After-care provision shall be provided by foster parents, children's homes, after-care homes and in outside places (especially sublets) maintained by the afore-mentioned institutions or by the competent district professional child protective services.
Basic child welfare provision: in case of these provisions, the parental custody remains in each case. Types: child welfare services, infant nursery, family day homes, child minding at home, substitute parent, temporary home of families.
Infant nursery: Day-care institution providing professional care and education for children under three years of age and living in families. A child over three years of age whose level of physical or mental development is not sufficient for nursery education may remain in infant nursery care until 31 August following his or her fourth birthday. The infant nursery may also provide assistance to families in the form of special advice, temporary child supervision, "child hotel service", or other child care support services.
Enrolled children: the number of children admitted to nurseries – entered on the records – as of 31 December up to 1992 and as of 31 May from 1993 onwards.
Qualified child care assistant: a person holding a certificate of baby and infant care.
Out of school care: privides day-time supervision care, education, food and activities for children in accordance with their age living in families.
Family assistance service: basic benefit for persons or families that are endangered or in crisis owing to social or mental health problems.
Recipients of family assistance service: Family assistance services may be used through personal contact. Provided services – on the request of the applicant as well as his/her legal representative – may be used in a voluntary and cost free way.
Child welfare service: a service performing child welfare tasks. Its types are: independent child welfare service provider, child welfare service, child welfare centre.
Recipients of child welfare services: persons who take services to solve social, mental hygiene, life style or financial problems. Services are voluntary and free of charge on the request of the applicant or his/her guardian. Recipients: persons receiving social basic care based on care plan, who are placed under child protection and who receive after-care. Data do not include minors receiving special care. Every child is registered once, either according to the status on 31 December or, if the care was finished during the year, the child is registered by the status of the last form of care.
Basic social services: by organising the basic social services, local governments assist socially disadvantaged persons to maintain an independent life in their own home or dwelling, as well as to resolve problems arising from their health or mental condition or for some other reason.
Domestic care: basic social service provided to persons being unable to care for themselves in their home as well as to psychiatric patients, disabled persons and addicts who, due to their condition, need help in performing the tasks necessary for independent life.
Day care institutions: institutions ensuring daytime shelter, catering, social relations and meeting basic hygiencic needs for people living in their own home or for homeless people. Several types of care can be provided in one institution.
Long-term residential social institution: institutions providing continuous care on a permanent basis, day and night accommodation, nursing, care or rehabilitation for people who are in need of social support.
Home for the aged: long-term social institution providing nursing and care for persons over retirement age who do not require regular hospital treatment. Persons over 18 years of age who, owing to illness, are unable to look after themselves are also eligible for admittance to homes for the aged.
Home for the disabled: long-term social institution providing nursing, care or/and rehabilitation for disabled persons who can only be cared for, educated, trained and employed within institutions. Young people and adults must be cared for separately in such homes.
Home for psychiatric patients: llong-term social institution providing nursing, care or/and rehabilitation for psychiatric patients who are not in a condition representing a danger, do not require regular hospital treatment, and are unable to look after themselves because of their health and social condition.
Home for addicts: long-term social institution providing nursing, care or/and rehabilitation for persons who require treatment stabilizing and improving mental and somatic conditions, and who are temporarily unable to care for themselves, but do not require compulsory institutional care.
Home for homeless persons: long-term social institution providing nursing, care or/and rehabilitation for persons who cannot be provided with a place in temporary shelters or rehabilitation institutions, and require a higher level of nursing or care for reasons of age and health.
Short-term residential social institution: institution providing full care for a maximum of one year with the exception of the temporary shelter and night shelter of the homeless people.
Temporary home for the aged: social institution providing temporary home for elderly people or sick people over 18 years of age who are temporarily unable to look after themselves in their homes because of illness or other reasons.
Temporary home for disabled persons: social institution providing temporary home for disabled people who cannot be cared for by their families or whose temporary accommodation is necessary in order to relieve the burden on their families.
Temporary home for psychiatric patients: social institution providing temporary home for psychiatric patients who temporarily cannot be cared for by their families or in other institutions but do not require long-term institutional or hospital care.
Temporary home for addicts: social institution providing temporary home for addicts diagnosed by psychiatrist or addiction specialist who temporarily cannot be cared for by their families or in their surroundings.
Temporary shelter for homeless persons: social institution for temporary accommodation of homeless people who are able to care for themselves by means of lodging and social work.
Night shelter for homeless persons: social institution providing night shelter for homeless people who are able to care for themselves and to keep the rules of peaceful coexistence.
Other home: homes which can't be classified by any of the above-mentioned types. Their numbers have decreased from 2004 and then they ceased to exist because of the methodological change.
Regular social assistance: is an income supplement in the form of cash, provided by the local government of the settlement. Its aim is to guarantee a minimum standard of living for those who have no income. On 1 July 2006 the conditions of the provision and the way of calculation of the amount of support changed. Before that the local government awarded regular social assistance to a person who was over 18 years of age, was of active age, and had lost at least 67 per cent of his or her working ability or received blind persons' benefit, or to a person who was of active age but not in employment if their subsistence was not provided by other means. Under the new terms, only one person in a family is entitled to the support. The assessing of the entitlement and the amount of the assistance is based on the income projected to the consumer unit instead of the previous income per capita. The consumer unit is the rate which shows the structure of consumption within a family. The first major member of the family and the disabled child's rate is 1.0 while that of the companion (spouse) and a child is lower (0,9-0,7). The amount of support is variable and supplements the family's effective total income up to the limit of the entitlement. On 1 January 2009, the support system for people of active age who are disadvantaged in the labour market changed. According to the new regulation, they are eligible to the so-called active age provision, and they can receive regular social assistance or availability support as benefit in cash. Regular social assistance can be provided under new titles of the social act. In addition to people whose health deteriorated, those are also eligible for the support who are over the age of 55 or who rear a minor under 14 years of age and are unable to ensure institutional daytime care for the child. Instead of the title "not-employed", the assistance can be continuously provided under the title "supported job seeker" introduced on 1 January 2007. Since 1 January 2009 new applications for regular social assistance under title 'supported job seeker' cannot be accepted by local governments, but previously granted title continues to exist. Local governments can expand the scope of eligibility criteria for regular social assistance in their own territory by issuing a decree since 1 January 2010.
Availability support: Persons who are eligible for active age provision and fit for work but not employed for a reason, which is not attributable to themselves, may receive availability support. Its monthly amount is equal to the current minimum old-age pension, which has been 28 500 HUF since 1 January 2008.
Nursing allowance: financial contribution to a major relative who nurses at home a person requiring long-term care. From September 2005 those who nurse disabled persons needed increased nursing receive a higher amount of nursing allowance, its amount is 30 per cent higher than the normal nursing allowance.
Old age allowance: financial support for elderly people who do not have income sufficient to ensure their own subsistence. Until 31 December 2005 the old age allowance is payable by local government to a person who is over the applicable retirement age and neither his own monthly income nor the per capita monthly income calculated by taking his own together with that of his spouse exceed 80 per cent of the current minimum old-age pension or 95 per cent in the case of a person living alone. From 1 January 2006 the amount of this allowance is differentiated by the law according to the marital status and age. Higher amount of old age allowance is provided for persons at 75 years of age and over and living alone if the person’s total income is lower than 130 per cent of the current minimum old-age pension.
Temporary assistance: the local government may provide emergency financial support to persons whose subsistence is endangered by extreme conditions or who are contending with temporary or permanent subsistence difficulties. Temporary assistance may also be provided in the form of non-bank interest-free credit; irregularly or on a monthly basis. The principal target group of the assistance contains persons unable to ensure subsistence for themselves or their families otherwise or who are in need of financial assistance because of occasional extra expenses, particularly expenses related to sickness or natural catastrophe.
Home maintenance support: the local government may provide benefit to a family or person whose conditions correspond to law (normative support), who are on debt attendance support, or correspond to the local government's decree (local home maintenance support) for regular expenses of housing. Normative support is payable to a person or a family whose per capita monthly income is less than 150% of the current minimum old-age pension if the home running expenses are more than 20 per cent of the total income of the household.
Debt Management Service: support in kind for those people who have difficulties in financing their home maintenance expenses and they are in debt (public utility bills, bank loans). There are two parts of the service: debt reducing assistance and debt management guidance. The assistance is provided by the local government if claimants’ income and housing conditions meet the criteria specified by the local government decree, they are ready to pay their remaining debt and take part in debt management guidance during the period of program.
Extraordinary child protection benefit: the local government provides extraordinary child protection benefit, of which amount is defined in local government decree, for a child who lives in a family contending with temporary subsistence difficulties or whose subsistence is endangered by extreme circumstances.
Funeral support: the local government may provide funeral support to a person who arranged the funeral for a deceased person despite not being obliged to do so, or who was a relative and obliged to do so but bearing the funeral expenses endangered his or her own or family’s subsistence.
Disability support: Financial support for severely disabled persons over the age of 18, who are unable to care for themselves or need permanent assistance from others.
Source of Methodology: Yearbook of welfare statistics 2008 (KSH, Budapest, 2009).