Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 2.2 5.2 4.3 5.2 6.6 6.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.1 2.6 3.7 5.2 6.6 8.6 13.2 7.5 5.1 4.0 4.6 4.4 5.8 15.1 7.2 5.4
Belgium 1.3 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.2 4.7 4.9 5.5 5.9 5.9 7.9 4.6 3.9 2.4 3.2 5.5 2.4 3.2 4.3 5.0 3.9 4.9 10.9 6.4 7.2
Bulgaria 0.0 -29.5 -2.2 -2.0 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -2.3 -2.4 -2.5 -2.4 -0.7 -0.3 -6.6 -6.6 -6.7 -6.8 -6.8 -7.0 -7.3 4.3 6.3 4.2 6.4 6.1
Cyprus 5.7 6.6 7.7 8.7 9.7 11.0 13.7 19.9 21.1 22.0 19.2 21.3 -0.7 -11.6 -3.5 -0.5 2.5
6.3a
 9.1 10.0 9.4 13.2 17.5 14.4 10.6
Czechia -2.7 -1.4 0.7 2.0 1.3 3.0 2.9 7.7 6.5 2.4 1.4 1.6 1.0 -0.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.7 3.6 4.1 2.5 4.8 30.9 8.7 3.4
Denmark 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.9 3.7 4.6 2.8 3.0 2.4 3.0 3.8 4.8 7.4 5.7 4.2 3.2 1.6 1.9 4.6 10.2 5.0 5.3
Estonia -2.3 -2.4 -2.2 -2.8 -2.7 -3.8 -4.0 -2.1 -1.5 -1.6 -2.8 -2.9 -2.8 -2.0 -0.5 1.8 0.8 4.0 5.3 4.1 2.8 5.3 29.5 10.1 1.0
Finland 0.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.1 2.8 3.2 4.1 6.1 10.4 8.3
France 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0.8 1.7 0.6 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2
Greece 5.8 4.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.3 -0.1 -2.9 -6.0 -5.4 -4.3 -4.2 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.3 0.6 -15.2 1.7 4.1
6.4a
Netherlands 3.6 3.5 1.7 0.4 -0.6 -1.4 -1.6 -0.1 1.9 2.3 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.2 2.1 3.2 4.6 4.7 5.0 6.2 3.9 6.1 12.6 7.6 6.0
Croatia -11.7 4.3 2.4 3.1 3.4 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.4 0.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -4.7 -6.1 -8.0 -9.3 -11.7 -7.5 -4.9 -4.9 -1.2 3.0 7.8 8.1
Ireland 8.4 10.2 8.6 8.1 12.2 15.2 22.2 16.9 3.7 -4.2 -5.6 -5.9 -4.8 -2.5 0.4 2.8 8.3 5.2 11.2 8.8 6.1 12.0 18.7 11.4 12.8
Poland -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.1
0.6a
0.5a
-20.3a
 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9
Latvia -6.9 -8.2 -4.0 -5.1 -6.8 -4.9 -4.0 -3.6 -10.3 -16.1 -17.0 -9.7 -5.8 -7.1 -4.3 -5.4 -6.2 -4.0 -2.5 -1.8 -1.7 -0.2 11.7 -1.7 -2.5
Lithuania -5.8 -6.7 -3.4 -6.3 -9.5 -15.4 -7.5 -6.7 -5.1 -10.1 -25.2 -12.6 -6.0 -4.8 -3.5 -6.7 -8.7 -7.3 -0.4 3.9 7.4 7.0 25.5 15.7 8.0
Luxembourg 7.9 7.5 5.9 12.0 9.6 13.1 11.3 12.5 15.8 13.2 15.1 21.2 18.9 19.0 19.9 19.6 16.2 15.8 16.3 16.6 10.7 13.2 20.5 14.0 11.7
Hungary 1.6 1.0 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.6 -0.8 -0.1 0.3 -0.8 1.1 2.5 2.7 1.0 2.2 3.8 2.7 0.4
Malta 3.1 5.5 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.0 0.1 3.8 5.7 5.6 0.2 4.0 10.1 13.9 22.4 22.4 18.9 31.5 35.9 42.1 1.8 7.4 41.0 37.9 18.7
Germany 2.0 3.3 2.7 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.7 -0.1 1.6 3.7 4.9 5.6 7.2 14.3 5.6 5.1 4.8 3.7 2.4 3.7 2.5 8.1 5.4
Italy 0.9 0.8 3.7 8.2 7.2 4.4 3.8 8.5 7.2 4.9 4.7 3.4 4.2 2.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 10.2 0.7 -1.2 1.6 4.9 4.5 4.1
Portugal 6.5 5.4 4.0 2.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.1 0.9 1.5 0.4 -0.7 -3.5 -3.4 -2.5 -0.3 -0.1 1.4 2.3 6.5 5.6 6.9 13.0 14.7 13.4
Romania -0.2 -25.2 -6.8 -2.4 -4.5 -4.0 -4.1 -21.9 -8.0 -5.4 -2.4 -2.4 -1.1 -0.7 -1.0 -2.5 -3.2 -3.0 -2.9
-1.3a
-1.4a
-0.9a
5.6a
5.1a
3.7a
Spain 3.9 7.9 17.9 15.7 15.5 14.5 14.9 17.2 9.5 3.0 1.6 1.4 -3.0 -5.4 -2.2 -0.1 1.7 3.8 7.0 9.7 5.0 4.2 15.3 13.4 11.8
Sweden 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.0 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.7 5.3 4.8 5.4 6.9 7.9 8.1 11.9 10.1 8.5 7.0 3.5 4.9 5.6 2.3 2.7
Slovakia -4.1 0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 -1.5 0.2 0.3 0.4
Slovenia 1.4 2.5 1.1 1.8 0.9 3.2 3.1 7.1 9.2 5.6 -0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 7.2 7.8 8.7 1.2 6.9 5.4 5.4
EUb
1.6a
 0.8 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1
1.0a
1.5a
3.1a
1.8a
2.2a
4.1a
3.1a
0.4a
2.9a
6.7a
6.2a
5.2a
United Kingdom 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.3 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.1 3.8 4.2 3.4 2.6 3.8 4.6 5.4 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.0 .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 6.5 3.0 -1.2 -0.7 2.0 13.0 17.3 16.6 3.3 -15.0 -6.5 -4.3 -0.9 5.1 3.4 4.5 12.2 24.1 18.6 13.8 6.7 13.2 25.7 -15.4 10.8
North Macedonia -1.2 -1.3 -12.2 -1.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -113.6 -1.5 -0.1 0.3
Montenegro -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -3.0 -0.1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 10.2 -1.6
Norway 2.2 1.8 3.8 2.5 2.9 4.0 5.1 8.4 9.1 8.0 8.6 9.4 9.4 7.7 7.4 5.8 5.0 4.1 3.4 4.8 2.1 3.7 10.6 9.6 6.2
Russiac 3.8 1.8 9.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 5.3 0.2 ..
Switzerland 3.3 5.6 6.5 5.7 5.1 4.3 4.9 9.4 12.1 8.8 7.7 8.3 8.3 10.2 9.4 8.5 8.3 5.2 4.7 5.0 6.3 5.7 7.8 15.6 8.9
Serbia 0.9 2.4 1.8 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -16.3 0.0 0.0
Türkiye -46.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.6 0.4 2.4 3.9 1.8 0.3 1.7 1.0 1.6 2.3 1.6
4.6a
4.9a
 .. .. 0.8 -4.0 -1.8
Israelc 10.4 6.2 2.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.4 2.2 2.2 3.2 3.7 3.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 5.5 1.1 ..
Japanc 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.3 -0.3 1.4 1.4 ..
United Statesc 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 1.0 2.0 3.9 3.9 ..
Canadac 6.5 7.1 6.6 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.5 7.1 7.2 6.6 6.6 7.0 6.8 5.4 6.2 9.1 10.1 11.3 10.3 6.7 5.2 11.8 11.0 ..
Australiac 5.8 6.1 5.6 5.3 5.5 6.5 9.3 11.9 12.9 10.8 7.5 8.8 10.3 9.3 8.5 8.9 10.5 10.3 9.0 8.1 1.7 4.5 5.4 5.3 ..
New Zealandc -1.7 4.6 12.2 10.6 6.0 4.6 3.5 0.7 1.1 3.0 1.5 -0.5 -0.2 5.9 12.8 15.4 16.0 14.2 12.1 14.0 8.3 -2.9 4.2 4.1 ..

Footnotes

*Download date: 15 September 2025.
aEstimated figure.
bThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
cEstimation of the UN.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Population Prospects (UN, New York).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.