Socio-economic objectives 2010 2011 2012 2013a 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Exploration and exploitation of the earth 866 706 589 3,527 2,747 2,057 2,077 2,585 2,370 3,101 5,035 2,751 2,629
Environment 2,358 1,666 1,611 5,131 2,755 2,106 4,911 4,240 3,278 5,102 11,104 11,889 5,032
Exploration and exploitation of space 684 52 105 1,026 2,367 963 679 619 2,797 6,656 12,948 14,499 6,249
Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures 5,609 3,937 4,120 13,136 4,305 5,959 9,598 6,769 7,340 8,427 8,280 26,444 20,475
Energy 1,290 679 1,868 13,375 791 2,992 5,089 6,212 5,676 3,856 6,555 10,456 10,118
Industrial production and technology 10,188 2,506 12,145 27,904 3,754 9,978 18,960 26,688 23,422 17,046 76,625 36,467 13,053
Health 6,757 3,601 3,862 20,303 10,519 13,205 22,084 21,633 19,471 17,675 50,471 38,134 33,533
Agriculture 5,168 2,554 5,529 16,036 4,930 5,228 9,956 11,037 11,399 12,606 18,129 15,044 7,063
Education 212 153 351 1,195 172 314 246 198 351 2,372 1,824 4,936 7,434
Culture, recreation, religion and mass media 447 0 58 4,246 1,926 803 2,181 518 793 1,690 4,645 5,959 4,946
Political and social systems, structures and processes 3,772 236 895 2,720 1,591 2,138 2,144 1,886 1,074 4,023 5,686 5,962 6,071
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) 27,794 28,794 25,101 18,245 17,352 15,212 29,921 16,161 12,072 7,861 5,393 4,121 6,844
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources than GUF 30,481 37,810 41,119 69,560 37,567 34,632 31,967 37,124 39,375 38,691 49,002 56,397 60,880
Defence 595 49 261 341 135 575 183 539 41 43 756 15,946 18,186
Total 96,222 82,742 97,612 196,744 90,909 96,160 139,997 136,208 129,458 129,148 256,453 249,003 202,512

Footnotes

*GBARD: Government budget allocations for R&D.
aDo not correspond to Frascati Manual recommendations.

Explanation of symbols

0
Less than half of unit.
.