Country, group of countries 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 6.5 6.7 0.0 1.1 5.4 -0.9 -14.5 11.5 5.5 -2.8 -0.7 -1.4 0.6 -0.1 3.0 0.3 -1.5 -8.2 10.9 -2.2 -8.3 -6.6
Belgium 0.3 6.6 3.8 4.8 5.4 -2.5 -12.5 6.3 4.6 -1.1 0.8 2.6 -0.4 5.1 -1.3 0.3 -3.2 -7.3 14.5 1.6 -4.6 -8.3
Bulgaria 16.8 11.5 1.9 14.1 35.4 25.7 -24.3 4.1 8.9 4.8 4.8 3.8 6.1 2.9 6.3 0.7 2.7 -5.3 6.8 11.0 -5.9 -1.2
Cyprus -7.3 20.2 9.7 3.8 8.2 9.1 -15.2 5.9 -10.0 -13.9 -15.0 28.8 18.3 28.8 7.0 7.5 -7.0 -2.2 6.2 6.9 15.4 -4.3
Czechia 7.5 22.4 3.6 12.7 9.1 2.1 -17.2 15.0 4.6 -5.2 -1.5 4.8 4.5 -0.1 4.6 3.5 -1.7 -7.6 7.1 6.6 -5.4 -0.2
Denmark -2.4 -0.4 7.9 6.4 8.7 -1.2 -17.5 -1.6 0.7 -0.9 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 2.1 2.9 -1.7 -3.1 8.1 -1.4 -8.3 0.7
Estonia 13.9 14.8 15.0 23.7 3.0 -12.6 -25.3 16.7 20.8 5.6 0.1 -1.0 -4.4 4.1 3.5 5.3 -2.6 -2.4 12.2 0.0 -12.3 -2.4
Finland 5.7 5.5 4.4 7.4 2.8 1.6 -22.7 6.2 3.7 -5.7 1.2 1.0 -0.6 4.1 4.6 0.2 -1.4 -4.7 4.3 6.4 -14.8 -2.4
France 1.3 4.4 1.1 0.8 1.3 -1.6 -13.7 5.7 1.6 -4.3 -3.0 -1.4 0.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 -1.7 -14.0 8.1 6.1 -8.7 -6.6
Greece 9.3 3.0 -6.7 5.6 11.9 -4.8 -11.6 -15.4 -12.9 -5.0 -2.0 6.4 1.9 6.3 1.3 5.5 2.2 -4.2 10.4 4.6 -0.6 4.5
Netherlands 4.7 8.6 5.9 5.9 3.9 2.4 -13.1 8.4 0.0 0.8 -2.4 1.3 3.4 1.3 5.1 2.8 1.7 -6.1 9.2 8.5 -6.5 -0.4
Croatia 10.4 4.9 4.9 8.0 6.5 1.1 -20.6 -5.2 -1.3 -3.0 6.8 6.5 11.5 7.9 5.3 5.0 4.6 -3.9 8.5 9.3 2.2 9.6
Ireland -8.7 1.2 8.6 -0.7 0.5 -8.5 -17.6 -1.1 1.4 -4.1 -2.1 9.9 5.9 6.3 4.5 7.5 -4.3 -5.7 5.5 14.5 -1.7 -5.7
Poland 4.7 16.2 5.3 15.4 14.0 8.9 -17.0 12.6 3.6 -3.1 1.1 7.4 3.4 1.9 6.9 5.6 1.2 -3.1 12.9 3.9 -5.5 1.4
Latvia 12.6 19.2 17.1 22.3 14.8 -10.4 -29.1 17.6 21.9 6.8 0.5 1.5 -1.5 2.8 7.0 6.9 1.1 -3.0 10.0 3.0 -5.7 -9.6
Lithuania 11.6 18.4 16.4 11.2 9.5 4.0 -26.2 16.7 12.7 3.4 6.8 3.4 4.3 2.5 7.3 1.9 2.8 -3.8 8.3 5.9 -5.2 -6.9
Luxembourg 7.2 10.3 11.2 14.0 -8.1 5.6 -8.8 -6.3 0.7 -3.1 -4.0 -0.6 0.8 -5.1 -2.0 -3.7 1.3 -13.1 10.5 -3.0 -11.4 -8.0
Hungary 7.9 15.3 7.7 10.6 9.5 3.3 -20.2 11.1 5.5 -1.9 2.4 5.2 3.1 3.2 7.1 3.8 3.7 -4.2 4.7 3.6 -4.7 -5.3
Malta 5.4 5.3 2.8 13.7 1.0 -2.0 -3.6 15.1 9.2 9.0 -4.5 15.6 13.4 8.7 -6.1 9.2 18.9 -16.1 8.3 11.3 1.1 17.2
Germany 5.2 5.0 3.9 7.5 2.9 -0.4 -12.8 11.8 4.4 -5.4 -0.2 2.4 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.2 -1.8 -7.7 5.0 5.5 -6.8 -3.5
Italy 1.3 4.6 1.5 4.5 2.2 -6.3 -18.1 12.3 -1.4 -9.3 -3.6 0.5 2.9 1.1 1.9 0.4 -2.5 -10.4 10.5 3.9 -3.6 -3.3
Portugal -1.7 1.4 10.7 3.8 3.3 1.1 -12.6 5.8 -6.1 -8.6 3.8 5.4 4.6 3.7 6.2 3.7 4.6 -13.9 10.1 7.1 -1.1 3.8
Romania 16.4 21.2 14.3 18.5 28.0 4.0 -26.5 9.8 6.0 -4.2 0.9 4.3 6.4 6.5 5.0 1.1 0.8 -6.1 7.6 10.4 -3.1 3.1
Spain 4.4 8.0 4.3 5.6 3.4 -6.4 -19.9 5.6 -1.6 -9.0 -1.3 5.9 2.3 0.7 2.9 0.1 -1.2 -13.4 8.1 5.5 -8.7 -0.5
Sweden 5.5 7.0 5.6 5.0 9.3 -2.0 -18.8 16.7 3.2 -3.9 -4.5 2.5 2.2 2.6 -0.1 2.9 -3.3 -6.6 8.2 1.3 -5.6 -3.6
Slovakia 11.9 11.1 10.0 22.5 18.9 6.6 -15.1 19.4 8.1 3.5 3.6 7.6 0.4 -1.3 2.0 4.2 -4.9 -8.3 5.2 0.7 -1.9 -0.5
Slovenia 6.9 11.6 10.4 14.5 13.5 3.9 -18.1 8.9 4.2 -5.4 2.9 3.4 6.1 4.2 9.0 6.9 7.5 -2.4 10.3 5.7 4.9 17.9
EUa 4.4 6.5 5.3 5.0 4.4 -0.2 -15.3 9.2 1.6 -4.6 -1.4 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.1 -0.4 -7.6 7.4 9.8 -8.5 -1.8
United Kingdom 0.9 6.6 7.9 13.0 -2.7 -0.9 -7.8 10.5 3.5 2.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 3.9 2.4 0.6 2.6 -12.2 6.9 8.1 -8.8 0.9
Norway 1.6 10.8 9.2 10.2 9.9 3.9 -14.1 8.5 4.8 -0.5 0.6 1.2 3.2 -2.9 8.9 -1.0 0.9 -3.1 4.8 1.4 -6.3 3.7
Russia 19.9 19.4 23.0 25.3 27.5 16.6 -33.3 27.5 19.4 6.5 -0.7 -8.1 -26.1 1.9 16.7 1.7 5.8 -3.2 13.0 -12.2 12.3 1.5
Switzerland -0.9 3.8 20.9 6.7 6.1 9.4 -4.6 -18.1 2.7 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 0.4 2.0 3.6 5.7 -0.5 -13.5 1.7 1.1 -1.9 -1.2
Türkiye 20.8 21.3 11.9 10.0 11.1 -1.1 -13.3 21.5 13.0 0.8 12.0 -1.2 2.6 3.4 10.0 -9.2 -5.1 11.3 0.3 5.2 12.8 -5.2
Israel -3.6 10.1 -2.3 -0.7 9.5 1.0 -14.5 16.4 8.2 2.2 -0.5 2.3 0.9 10.6 -1.4 4.7 3.8 -6.0 20.2 5.2 -11.2 0.6
Japan 5.9 6.4 2.3 3.9 1.3 -1.0 -12.1 10.1 4.2 3.7 0.5 1.5 2.8 0.8 2.7 1.9 0.5 -3.8 2.4 0.6 -2.2 -0.7
Republic of Korea 10.0 9.6 1.2 9.4 7.4 4.7 -9.3 13.6 5.9 1.5 4.0 5.9 5.3 -0.2 7.8 2.4 -1.3 3.0 8.6 6.3 -3.2 0.1
Brazil -3.4 18.0 5.1 17.1 23.8 17.8 -17.5 37.8 7.6 -1.9 7.7 -2.6 -15.0 -11.7 9.4 9.1 4.2 -7.1 24.7 1.8 -5.2 17.2
United States 5.4 10.9 5.6 5.5 1.1 -3.8 -16.3 14.7 3.8 2.8 0.8 4.7 6.9 0.5 4.0 5.3 -0.5 -3.9 12.1 5.9 -3.0 5.3
Canada 3.5 8.6 8.3 5.2 6.0 -0.2 -15.5 15.3 6.5 2.9 3.0 2.2 0.1 0.1 5.0 2.9 -0.6 -7.0 8.3 6.1 -1.5 0.5
Australia 11.5 14.6 9.1 8.3 11.3 10.7 -11.1 9.4 6.9 5.1 -2.7 1.7 4.3 -1.6 12.7 -1.0 -1.4 0.2 9.9 8.0 -2.5 4.4

Footnotes

*Download date: 5 September 2025.
aRefers only to extra-EU trade. The EU designation means for EU27_2020.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Trade Organization (Genéve).

Explanation of symbols

0
Less than half of unit.
green number
Revised datum.
.