| Country, group of countries |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
| Austria |
6.9 |
7.1 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
6.0 |
-0.5 |
-14.3 |
11.8 |
6.4 |
-2.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
4.3 |
1.0 |
-0.6 |
-7.8 |
11.9 |
-1.2 |
| Belgium |
0.4 |
7.5 |
4.4 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
-1.6 |
-12.7 |
6.9 |
5.2 |
-1.2 |
0.5 |
2.0 |
0.9 |
5.7 |
-0.6 |
1.6 |
-0.5 |
-6.3 |
15.0 |
5.9 |
| Bulgaria |
17.3 |
12.7 |
2.9 |
16.3 |
36.4 |
27.2 |
-24.5 |
3.8 |
9.6 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
4.0 |
7.1 |
3.7 |
7.4 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
-4.3 |
9.2 |
13.6 |
| Cyprus |
-7.1 |
21.0 |
10.4 |
4.6 |
10.8 |
9.6 |
-14.6 |
7.1 |
-9.8 |
-12.7 |
-14.4 |
29.6 |
19.0 |
29.2 |
9.5 |
8.6 |
-6.1 |
-1.2 |
8.2 |
7.5 |
| Czechia |
7.3 |
21.9 |
4.8 |
14.7 |
10.6 |
4.2 |
-16.8 |
17.8 |
6.8 |
-3.3 |
-0.5 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
2.2 |
6.2 |
4.7 |
-0.4 |
-6.8 |
8.8 |
8.4 |
| Denmark |
-2.5 |
2.4 |
9.2 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
0.3 |
-16.7 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.3 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
0.8 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
9.5 |
0.4 |
| Estonia |
14.0 |
15.9 |
16.6 |
24.0 |
2.6 |
-11.8 |
-25.1 |
17.1 |
22.6 |
7.3 |
0.5 |
-0.7 |
-3.4 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
5.7 |
-1.4 |
-1.7 |
14.1 |
0.6 |
| Finland |
5.4 |
5.2 |
6.9 |
9.2 |
4.2 |
1.0 |
-22.9 |
7.6 |
5.1 |
-4.6 |
0.1 |
1.2 |
-0.2 |
3.6 |
6.3 |
0.8 |
-1.7 |
-4.3 |
5.4 |
7.6 |
| France |
1.8 |
5.1 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
-0.4 |
-12.7 |
6.5 |
2.8 |
-3.0 |
-2.0 |
-0.3 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
-0.5 |
-12.5 |
9.6 |
7.6 |
| Greece |
10.6 |
3.7 |
-4.2 |
6.7 |
13.3 |
-2.6 |
-10.8 |
-14.6 |
-12.1 |
-4.4 |
-1.2 |
6.7 |
3.0 |
7.2 |
2.2 |
6.4 |
2.9 |
-2.8 |
11.6 |
5.7 |
| Netherlands |
3.9 |
8.0 |
7.3 |
7.2 |
6.5 |
3.3 |
-12.3 |
9.1 |
0.7 |
1.7 |
-0.9 |
1.9 |
6.0 |
0.9 |
6.1 |
3.6 |
2.2 |
-5.7 |
10.2 |
11.5 |
| Croatia |
11.3 |
4.3 |
6.1 |
8.6 |
7.4 |
2.0 |
-20.3 |
-5.1 |
-1.2 |
-2.7 |
6.3 |
7.1 |
12.2 |
9.2 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
-2.9 |
10.1 |
11.6 |
| Ireland |
-10.3 |
3.7 |
10.0 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
-8.3 |
-16.3 |
0.7 |
2.6 |
-1.9 |
-1.1 |
12.0 |
10.4 |
7.6 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
-1.7 |
-2.2 |
9.5 |
16.0 |
| Poland |
4.9 |
16.5 |
6.4 |
17.2 |
15.6 |
9.8 |
-16.5 |
14.6 |
4.8 |
-1.5 |
2.0 |
8.3 |
5.2 |
3.3 |
8.0 |
6.8 |
2.1 |
-2.1 |
14.8 |
6.1 |
| Latvia |
12.2 |
19.4 |
18.0 |
23.3 |
16.1 |
-9.7 |
-28.8 |
17.7 |
23.0 |
7.9 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
9.6 |
6.4 |
1.9 |
-2.4 |
12.8 |
5.1 |
| Lithuania |
11.3 |
17.4 |
16.4 |
11.8 |
10.0 |
5.4 |
-27.0 |
17.1 |
13.4 |
3.4 |
7.3 |
3.4 |
4.9 |
3.2 |
8.0 |
2.5 |
3.7 |
-2.9 |
10.3 |
9.0 |
| Luxembourg |
6.2 |
9.4 |
10.5 |
14.0 |
-5.9 |
6.0 |
-8.4 |
-5.4 |
1.6 |
-1.3 |
-3.3 |
0.7 |
4.9 |
-4.1 |
-2.6 |
-2.7 |
3.1 |
-11.2 |
11.3 |
-2.3 |
| Hungary |
8.4 |
14.1 |
8.5 |
12.9 |
10.9 |
3.5 |
-20.2 |
14.0 |
6.1 |
-1.2 |
3.6 |
6.3 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
7.7 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
-2.7 |
7.5 |
5.8 |
| Malta |
4.7 |
5.5 |
2.6 |
14.1 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
-5.8 |
15.8 |
10.5 |
9.7 |
-4.9 |
15.9 |
16.0 |
11.0 |
-5.5 |
8.1 |
20.2 |
-15.8 |
10.8 |
14.9 |
| Germany |
5.2 |
5.6 |
4.7 |
8.8 |
4.1 |
-0.2 |
-11.9 |
12.8 |
4.8 |
-4.4 |
0.3 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
-1.1 |
-5.7 |
6.3 |
3.8 |
| Italy |
1.8 |
5.1 |
2.0 |
6.9 |
2.7 |
-4.2 |
-14.9 |
12.9 |
-0.7 |
-8.6 |
-3.1 |
1.1 |
4.7 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
1.0 |
-1.3 |
-9.7 |
12.3 |
5.5 |
| Portugal |
-1.2 |
2.6 |
12.5 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
1.8 |
-12.3 |
7.3 |
-4.9 |
-7.8 |
4.4 |
6.0 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
7.2 |
4.6 |
5.6 |
-13.2 |
11.3 |
9.1 |
| Romania |
15.9 |
20.8 |
14.8 |
19.5 |
25.8 |
5.1 |
-26.3 |
12.1 |
7.8 |
-3.2 |
2.0 |
6.0 |
8.3 |
8.0 |
6.9 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
-4.7 |
10.4 |
11.2 |
| Spain |
5.3 |
8.9 |
5.2 |
6.9 |
4.9 |
-5.6 |
-19.4 |
7.8 |
-0.3 |
-7.6 |
-0.5 |
6.8 |
5.9 |
1.9 |
4.1 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
-12.0 |
10.6 |
8.0 |
| Sweden |
6.0 |
7.5 |
7.0 |
6.7 |
9.8 |
-1.4 |
-18.7 |
18.2 |
4.7 |
-3.1 |
-4.0 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
3.1 |
-2.5 |
-5.3 |
9.8 |
2.6 |
| Slovakia |
12.8 |
13.7 |
9.7 |
23.6 |
20.6 |
7.6 |
-14.2 |
18.5 |
8.4 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
6.7 |
4.2 |
2.0 |
3.3 |
5.0 |
-2.5 |
-7.0 |
8.6 |
2.8 |
| Slovenia |
6.9 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
14.9 |
14.9 |
4.6 |
-18.3 |
10.3 |
4.8 |
-4.6 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
6.7 |
4.7 |
9.9 |
7.9 |
8.8 |
-1.8 |
15.7 |
11.3 |
| EU27_2020 |
4.0 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
5.5 |
0.4 |
-14.0 |
10.1 |
2.0 |
-3.5 |
-0.9 |
2.6 |
3.8 |
2.1 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
0.4 |
-6.5 |
8.2 |
10.7 |
| United Kingdom |
2.0 |
6.5 |
8.1 |
13.0 |
-3.2 |
-1.7 |
-8.3 |
10.0 |
3.2 |
1.7 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
2.6 |
-12.3 |
5.2 |
10.7 |
| Norway |
1.6 |
10.8 |
9.2 |
10.2 |
9.9 |
3.9 |
-14.1 |
8.5 |
4.8 |
-0.5 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
3.2 |
-2.9 |
8.9 |
-1.0 |
0.9 |
-3.1 |
4.8 |
1.5 |
| Russia |
19.9 |
19.4 |
23.0 |
25.3 |
27.5 |
16.6 |
-33.3 |
27.5 |
19.4 |
6.5 |
-0.7 |
-8.1 |
-26.1 |
1.9 |
16.7 |
1.7 |
5.8 |
-3.4 |
14.3 |
-24.5 |
| Switzerland |
-0.9 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
6.9 |
4.9 |
2.5 |
-10.6 |
9.5 |
2.7 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
0.4 |
2.0 |
3.6 |
5.7 |
-0.5 |
-13.5 |
1.7 |
0.7 |
| Türkiye |
20.8 |
21.3 |
11.9 |
10.0 |
11.1 |
-1.1 |
-13.3 |
21.5 |
13.0 |
0.8 |
12.0 |
-1.2 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
10.0 |
-9.2 |
-5.1 |
11.3 |
0.3 |
5.9 |
| Israel |
-3.6 |
10.1 |
-2.3 |
-0.7 |
9.5 |
1.0 |
-14.5 |
16.4 |
8.2 |
2.2 |
-0.5 |
2.3 |
0.9 |
10.6 |
-1.1 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
-6.0 |
19.7 |
3.7 |
| Japan |
5.9 |
6.4 |
2.3 |
3.9 |
1.3 |
-1.0 |
-12.1 |
10.1 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
0.5 |
-3.7 |
2.3 |
0.5 |
| Republic of Korea |
10.0 |
9.5 |
1.2 |
9.4 |
7.4 |
4.7 |
-9.3 |
13.6 |
5.9 |
1.5 |
4.0 |
5.9 |
5.3 |
-0.2 |
7.8 |
2.4 |
-1.3 |
3.0 |
8.6 |
6.3 |
| Brazil |
-3.4 |
18.0 |
5.1 |
17.1 |
23.8 |
17.8 |
-17.5 |
37.8 |
7.6 |
-1.9 |
7.7 |
-2.6 |
-15.0 |
-11.7 |
9.4 |
9.1 |
4.2 |
-7.1 |
24.7 |
1.8 |
| United States |
5.4 |
10.9 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
1.1 |
-3.8 |
-16.3 |
14.7 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
4.7 |
6.9 |
0.5 |
4.0 |
5.3 |
-0.5 |
-3.9 |
12.1 |
6.0 |
| Canada |
3.5 |
8.6 |
8.3 |
5.2 |
6.0 |
-0.2 |
-15.5 |
15.3 |
6.5 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
5.0 |
2.6 |
0.1 |
-7.3 |
8.6 |
6.2 |
| Australia |
11.5 |
14.6 |
9.1 |
8.3 |
11.3 |
10.7 |
-11.1 |
9.4 |
6.9 |
5.1 |
-2.7 |
1.7 |
4.3 |
-1.6 |
12.7 |
-1.0 |
-1.4 |
0.2 |
9.9 |
7.7 |
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Trade Organization (Genéve).
.
