Country, group of countries 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 5.0 8.7 1.3 4.0 5.4 0.0 -18.7 14.4 5.2 -0.8 1.0 1.4 -0.2 -1.8 4.1 1.3 -0.1 -8.2 6.5 -1.6 -1.3 -4.8
Belgium 0.1 7.2 3.1 3.7 3.2 -2.4 -11.8 7.4 3.2 -1.3 1.5 1.0 -0.1 2.7 0.2 0.3 -1.2 -7.5 13.5 0.5 -6.3 -5.8
Bulgaria 11.6 10.1 10.6 10.2 6.3 7.8 -14.7 20.0 16.8 -1.9 10.7 1.0 4.0 7.5 9.1 0.1 2.2 -6.6 5.2 10.6 -2.6 -0.6
Cyprus -5.0 77.9 49.7 -15.8 -6.1 0.5 -3.0 7.2 15.8 3.7 16.7 62.8 42.3 5.4 3.2 36.3 -12.5 -1.5 15.2 11.6 19.9 -1.1
Czechia 5.2 24.3 9.6 16.5 14.2 5.1 -16.3 15.7 7.6 0.8 0.2 5.5 2.6 3.2 3.3 0.7 -0.5 -7.6 5.0 5.3 -2.8 -0.1
Denmark -2.0 0.2 5.7 3.5 4.1 0.4 -11.8 1.3 2.5 -2.1 -0.8 1.9 -1.1 1.7 2.1 0.9 -1.0 -4.2 5.7 -0.4 0.1 4.1
Estonia 14.5 17.3 20.5 19.4 -5.0 -0.9 -16.5 23.9 22.4 1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -2.8 3.3 3.8 7.0 -1.1 0.0 11.5 -2.8 -13.0 -4.3
Finland 3.3 6.0 -1.8 9.4 -0.1 0.4 -25.7 5.8 0.7 -1.6 -0.4 1.0 -3.1 0.0 7.7 1.8 2.1 -6.9 4.3 -2.5 -3.9 -3.9
France 0.0 2.5 0.8 0.0 -0.7 -2.2 -15.9 9.2 2.6 -1.8 -1.4 0.2 0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.4 -0.9 -18.5 6.2 0.6 -1.1 -3.9
Greece 4.2 2.5 7.4 7.1 9.3 2.3 -4.2 4.5 2.7 9.8 1.6 2.7 4.9 6.0 2.5 7.9 1.2 1.8 7.6 2.2 0.9 -0.3
Netherlands 4.3 7.8 9.6 5.7 4.7 3.6 -11.4 9.7 -1.2 0.4 -0.5 -1.2 1.2 2.8 5.9 2.1 0.8 -3.7 8.9 8.5 -5.5 -3.7
Croatia 8.2 14.6 7.7 11.4 6.0 0.5 -14.6 13.1 1.1 -1.2 3.4 11.4 13.5 8.0 8.8 1.9 2.3 2.8 8.3 1.9 4.9 5.7
Ireland -9.7 7.5 0.5 -5.3 3.0 -3.1 -5.6 0.2 1.2 -5.2 -3.4 4.9 13.4 6.6 4.2 17.7 7.3 7.1 2.2 14.9 -2.3 8.5
Poland 12.5 20.5 12.5 17.3 10.5 7.3 -8.7 13.6 6.3 3.5 7.0 7.3 5.7 3.5 6.5 4.9 2.9 -1.5 9.6 0.7 -1.7 -1.7
Latvia 11.2 18.2 28.3 12.7 10.0 6.9 -10.2 18.3 21.4 10.7 -1.0 2.9 1.1 2.4 7.0 4.2 1.9 2.8 5.0 0.3 -3.2 -7.7
Lithuania 11.0 19.4 21.7 9.8 3.1 15.8 -13.1 17.5 12.5 7.8 7.6 1.6 -2.3 2.1 9.1 -0.7 4.2 -0.1 6.4 -2.2 -4.7 -4.7
Luxembourg 15.1 13.8 19.7 18.8 -8.2 7.3 -6.1 -16.1 -3.7 -3.5 -2.1 10.6 4.3 -3.4 -5.8 -3.0 3.1 -16.7 4.7 -4.0 -3.8 -3.4
Hungary 6.1 16.6 12.9 19.2 13.5 1.5 -18.5 12.8 6.4 -2.2 -0.4 3.1 4.5 3.7 3.5 2.1 2.3 -5.1 4.1 2.2 -1.5 -0.9
Malta 0.8 8.7 33.0 2.4 8.5 -13.1 -16.8 22.7 2.1 16.2 -13.9 -13.3 7.7 22.6 -15.2 -6.1 6.7 -13.8 4.3 8.2 5.5 15.7
Germany 2.7 8.5 5.4 9.2 5.1 -1.1 -18.8 14.5 5.7 -1.6 -1.5 1.0 1.5 -0.6 1.6 -0.1 -3.7 -10.8 5.6 -0.6 -3.2 -1.9
Italy -2.4 4.3 0.0 4.9 3.5 -4.8 -19.7 9.3 3.1 -1.6 -2.0 0.0 0.8 0.9 3.6 -1.3 -2.5 -11.6 9.3 1.5 -4.0 -2.6
Portugal 6.2 -1.3 7.1 8.8 4.2 -0.5 -15.4 11.6 7.0 2.1 3.8 1.2 2.4 1.6 4.7 1.3 1.9 -9.1 8.0 3.0 -1.7 2.4
Romania 8.7 13.8 9.7 9.5 25.4 8.2 -7.4 17.0 9.3 -4.0 11.4 6.8 2.3 5.7 5.7 1.0 -0.9 -10.5 7.3 7.8 0.8 0.3
Spain 2.9 3.8 0.7 3.9 3.3 -0.2 -11.4 10.7 7.9 -0.2 8.3 3.5 2.8 2.4 1.6 0.0 -0.7 -10.7 8.2 1.6 -3.6 -0.4
Sweden 7.1 8.9 3.3 6.5 2.8 -1.1 -20.1 13.3 6.1 -3.2 -4.6 -0.8 1.0 0.6 3.1 1.2 -1.9 -4.0 5.0 0.5 -0.9 -1.0
Slovakia 17.8 3.1 8.3 28.8 27.5 10.7 -13.7 21.8 10.3 9.4 5.6 5.1 1.8 -0.4 1.0 2.7 -4.5 -7.2 6.8 2.0 2.2 -2.6
Slovenia 3.3 11.3 25.0 17.5 14.0 1.6 -16.7 11.6 5.9 -1.9 3.2 7.1 5.9 4.5 8.7 6.6 4.5 -2.9 10.4 5.1 -0.8 4.4
EUa 0.5 9.1 5.0 6.3 4.0 0.8 -16.5 13.7 6.7 2.9 0.8 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 3.1 0.8 -1.3 -10.1 5.5 -1.1 -2.3 -1.6
United Kingdom -1.6 1.9 7.7 14.7 -9.0 0.6 -10.4 10.3 6.6 -1.0 -0.7 1.4 3.5 0.9 7.0 0.5 2.1 -12.5 1.0 11.6 -9.3 -8.3
Norway 0.1 -0.6 -1.0 -2.0 1.8 1.4 -4.3 -2.8 -3.6 1.0 -4.1 2.6 3.4 -1.7 1.7 0.7 -0.7 8.8 -2.8 -3.7 8.5 5.3
Russia 12.7 10.6 5.4 4.6 4.6 -1.2 -2.1 7.3 -2.0 -0.2 3.0 1.0 6.5 3.9 3.8 4.6 -3.0 -0.2 3.3 -2.6 -13.2 1.8
Switzerland -0.9 5.6 20.0 8.2 8.6 5.0 -14.9 -8.0 7.9 0.4 0.2 1.1 -1.5 -1.1 2.9 3.0 -0.5 -12.6 9.9 0.1 1.4 2.7
Türkiye 16.3 14.6 9.7 12.5 11.3 6.5 -7.7 7.8 6.3 16.2 5.8 4.3 2.7 3.8 8.3 4.8 6.7 -4.9 21.1 3.3 0.0 2.2
Israel 3.7 15.5 2.5 4.8 9.0 -2.7 -15.2 17.4 8.7 -10.1 3.6 3.8 -1.5 -3.0 3.0 -1.0 -4.2 -8.8 3.4 14.8 -11.5 -2.7
Japan 9.2 13.3 5.2 11.3 9.3 2.3 -24.9 27.5 -0.6 -1.0 -1.9 1.6 2.2 2.3 6.0 2.6 -1.8 -8.1 12.0 1.9 -1.6 0.0
Republic of Korea 16.2 18.6 7.3 16.3 13.5 9.3 0.9 19.5 13.8 2.8 3.7 4.7 4.1 -0.1 6.3 1.8 -1.8 0.9 6.8 2.4 2.0 6.4
Brazil 15.7 17.4 9.3 3.2 5.1 -3.0 -10.3 9.4 2.6 -0.5 0.1 0.3 8.5 3.0 8.5 2.5 -0.9 1.4 3.7 4.7 8.8 2.6
United States 3.0 8.2 7.2 10.0 6.7 5.8 -14.0 15.5 7.3 3.9 2.6 3.1 -1.0 -0.2 4.0 4.1 -0.5 -10.8 8.1 4.2 3.2 2.7
Canada -2.4 4.3 2.3 1.6 2.1 -4.0 -15.1 6.9 5.3 3.7 2.7 7.0 6.6 -0.2 2.2 2.4 1.8 -7.5 1.7 1.7 5.2 0.5
Australia -1.4 4.7 3.5 2.1 2.5 5.7 -5.0 12.8 0.9 2.1 6.3 5.5 3.4 7.3 -0.4 5.1 0.5 -3.7 -1.7 -1.3 -0.8 -0.1

Footnotes

*Download date: 8 September 2025.
aRefers only to extra-EU trade. The EU designation means for EU27_2020.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Trade Organization (Genéve).

Explanation of symbols

0
Less than half of unit.
green number
Revised datum.
.