Period, quarters Employed Unemployed Economically active Economically inactive Population of working age Of which: Potential labour reservea Activity rate Unemployment rate Employment rate
thousand persons %
Total
2009 Q1 3,816.1 403.0 4,219.1 2,197.0 6,416.1 649.1 65.8 9.6 59.5
Q2 3,845.5 399.3 4,244.8 2,165.9 6,410.7 636.1 66.2 9.4 60.0
Q3 3,837.7 429.8 4,267.5 2,143.2 6,410.7 684.5 66.6 10.1 59.9
Q4 3,826.4 434.3 4,260.7 2,144.1 6,404.8 696.3 66.5 10.2 59.7
2010 Q1 3,760.8 493.7 4,254.5 2,143.0 6,397.5 762.7 66.5 11.6 58.8
Q2 3,809.8 470.2 4,280.0 2,115.2 6,395.3 726.9 66.9 11.0 59.6
Q3 3,842.9 456.8 4,299.7 2,090.3 6,390.0 713.0 67.3 10.6 60.1
Q4 3,832.2 452.9 4,285.1 2,094.0 6,379.1 718.9 67.2 10.6 60.1
2011 Q1 3,766.9 491.2 4,258.0 2,106.9 6,364.9 783.4 66.9 11.5 59.2
Q2 3,832.0 457.7 4,289.7 2,073.5 6,363.3 739.1 67.4 10.7 60.2
Q3 3,869.1 455.4 4,324.5 2,023.3 6,347.8 746.4 68.1 10.5 61.0
Q4 3,863.9 453.7 4,317.6 2,016.4 6,334.0 746.7 68.2 10.5 61.0
2012 Q1 3,798.3 503.9 4,302.3 2,025.1 6,327.4 800.5 68.0 11.7 60.0
Q2 3,874.6 469.2 4,343.8 1,966.4 6,310.2 769.5 68.8 10.8 61.4
Q3 3,947.4 451.2 4,398.6 1,899.5 6,298.1 761.4 69.8 10.3 62.7
Q4 3,926.9 457.0 4,383.9 1,906.3 6,290.2 780.0 69.7 10.4 62.4
2013 Q1 3,841.9 492.7 4,334.6 1,951.4 6,286.0 845.0 69.0 11.4 61.1
Q2 3,963.6 437.8 4,401.3 1,867.6 6,268.9 755.5 70.2 9.9 63.2
Q3 4,016.8 426.8 4,443.6 1,805.6 6,249.2 719.4 71.1 9.6 64.3
Q4 4,032.8 395.4 4,428.2 1,802.0 6,230.2 679.5 71.1 8.9 64.7
2014 Q1 4,104.1 362.3 4,466.5 1,744.2 6,210.6 668.6 71.9 8.1 66.1
Q2 4,131.2 357.3 4,488.5 1,703.3 6,191.8 623.8 72.5 8.0 66.7
Q3 4,200.2 329.0 4,529.3 1,650.3 6,179.5 576.5 73.3 7.3 68.0
Q4 4,184.8 315.9 4,500.7 1,660.1 6,160.8 555.8 73.1 7.0 67.9
2015 Q1 4,184.8 346.4 4,531.2 1,740.7 6,271.9 593.5 72.2 7.6 66.7
Q2 4,266.6 308.8 4,575.4 1,687.6 6,263.1 524.3 73.1 6.7 68.1
Q3 4,328.6 290.6 4,619.3 1,643.2 6,262.4 493.4 73.8 6.3 69.1
Q4 4,323.1 279.5 4,602.6 1,640.3 6,242.9 481.8 73.7 6.1 69.2
2016 Q1 4,320.6 271.5 4,592.1 1,638.6 6,230.8 481.0 73.7 5.9 69.3
Q2 4,401.6 232.9 4,634.5 1,585.8 6,220.3 408.9 74.5 5.0 70.8
Q3 4,434.5 224.1 4,658.6 1,547.2 6,205.8 389.3 75.1 4.8 71.5
Q4 4,458.0 202.3 4,660.3 1,538.8 6,199.1 362.8 75.2 4.3 71.9
2017 Q1 4,442.8 206.0 4,648.8 1,669.1 6,317.9 387.8 73.6 4.4 70.3
Q2 4,481.8 195.0 4,676.8 1,613.6 6,290.4 357.4 74.3 4.2 71.2
Q3 4,515.3 186.8 4,702.1 1,564.4 6,266.5 337.1 75.0 4.0 72.1
Q4 4,517.3 174.6 4,691.9 1,559.2 6,251.1 312.1 75.1 3.7 72.3
2018 Q1 4,500.1 177.2 4,677.3 1,557.5 6,234.8 315.3 75.0 3.8 72.2
Q2 4,530.5 164.8 4,695.3 1,526.0 6,221.3 303.4 75.5 3.5 72.8
Q3 4,543.9 177.7 4,721.5 1,483.4 6,204.9 305.7 76.1 3.8 73.2
Q4 4,536.4 164.4 4,700.8 1,501.0 6,201.8 300.2 75.8 3.5 73.1
2019 Q1 4,564.0 164.1 4,728.1 1,612.3 6,340.4 296.6 74.6 3.5 72.0
Q2 4,566.1 154.5 4,720.6 1,613.5 6,334.0 290.7 74.5 3.3 72.1
Q3 4,575.8 160.5 4,736.3 1,587.4 6,323.7 295.4 74.9 3.4 72.4
Q4 4,567.9 152.3 4,720.2 1,590.1 6,310.3 285.8 74.8 3.2 72.4
2020 Q1 4,527.4 171.0 4,698.4 1,599.0 6,297.4 330.7 74.6 3.6 71.9
Q2 4,464.2 213.8 4,678.0 1,608.0 6,286.1 428.7 74.4 4.6 71.0
Q3 4,544.7 206.0 4,750.7 1,523.9 6,274.6 368.5 75.7 4.3 72.4
Q4 4,537.9 193.5 4,731.5 1,531.5 6,263.0 357.8 75.5 4.1 72.5
2021 Q1 4,476.3 210.4 4,686.7 1,548.5 6,235.2 421.2 75.2 4.5 71.8
Q2 4,524.4 195.1 4,719.5 1,492.4 6,211.8 356.9 76.0 4.1 72.8
Q3 4,560.8 187.3 4,748.0 1,448.9 6,196.9 315.1 76.6 3.9 73.6
Q4 4,580.0 177.6 4,757.6 1,425.4 6,183.0 293.3 76.9 3.7 74.1
2022 Q1 4,591.5 179.0 4,770.5 1,530.2 6,300.7 292.2 75.7 3.8 72.9
Q2 4,609.4 154.1 4,763.5 1,526.2 6,289.7 255.8 75.7 3.2 73.3
Q3 4,624.1 176.1 4,800.2 1,479.4 6,279.6 274.7 76.4 3.7 73.6
Q4 4,611.6 186.7 4,798.3 1,469.0 6,267.3 296.7 76.6 3.9 73.6
2023 Q1 4,599.7 196.5 4,796.2 1,478.0 6,274.2 293.5 76.4 4.1 73.3
Q2 4,627.2 189.2 4,816.5 1,461.6 6,278.1 284.6 76.7 3.9 73.7
Q3 4,639.1 197.1 4,836.2 1,434.6 6,270.8 286.9 77.1 4.1 74.0
Q4 4,639.0 216.8 4,855.9 1,404.8 6,260.6 309.3 77.6 4.5 74.1
2024 Q1 4,619.7 225.7 4,845.4 1,419.7 6,265.1 318.6 77.3 4.7 73.7
Q2 4,636.0 213.2 4,849.2 1,407.8 6,257.0 309.8 77.5 4.4 74.1
Q3
Q4
Of which:
male
2009 Q1 1,979.3 225.1 2,204.4 954.7 3,159.1 351.6 69.8 10.2 62.7
Q2 2,001.0 223.9 2,224.9 928.6 3,153.5 337.4 70.6 10.1 63.5
Q3 1,991.3 238.8 2,230.1 922.6 3,152.7 362.2 70.7 10.7 63.2
Q4 1,982.9 239.1 2,222.0 929.1 3,151.0 369.4 70.5 10.8 62.9
2010 Q1 1,920.4 282.9 2,203.3 947.0 3,150.2 419.3 69.9 12.8 61.0
Q2 1,957.2 266.8 2,224.1 925.7 3,149.8 391.4 70.6 12.0 62.1
Q3 1,984.5 248.7 2,233.2 911.4 3,144.6 370.9 71.0 11.1 63.1
Q4 1,975.0 247.7 2,222.7 914.6 3,137.3 375.2 70.8 11.1 63.0
2011 Q1 1,930.2 274.6 2,204.8 922.9 3,127.7 422.2 70.5 12.5 61.7
Q2 1,983.6 245.0 2,228.5 899.5 3,128.0 386.8 71.2 11.0 63.4
Q3 2,011.9 243.0 2,254.9 869.6 3,124.6 385.5 72.2 10.8 64.4
Q4 2,002.4 241.9 2,244.3 879.8 3,124.2 385.9 71.8 10.8 64.1
2012 Q1 1,960.1 279.2 2,239.3 888.6 3,127.9 423.9 71.6 12.5 62.7
Q2 2,000.3 264.8 2,265.2 855.0 3,120.2 406.3 72.6 11.7 64.1
Q3 2,039.7 249.5 2,289.2 828.1 3,117.3 392.7 73.4 10.9 65.4
Q4 2,039.4 249.8 2,289.2 822.1 3,111.3 399.1 73.6 10.9 65.5
2013 Q1 1,976.9 281.5 2,258.4 849.4 3,107.8 461.4 72.7 12.5 63.6
Q2 2,069.5 235.5 2,305.0 795.2 3,100.1 385.8 74.4 10.2 66.8
Q3 2,106.4 227.5 2,333.8 759.0 3,092.9 364.4 75.5 9.7 68.1
Q4 2,111.7 209.6 2,321.3 764.8 3,086.1 341.3 75.2 9.0 68.4
2014 Q1 2,149.8 191.7 2,341.5 737.2 3,078.7 344.7 76.1 8.2 69.8
Q2 2,169.5 190.5 2,360.1 709.8 3,069.9 319.8 76.9 8.1 70.7
Q3 2,210.6 171.0 2,381.6 683.9 3,065.5 290.1 77.7 7.2 72.1
Q4 2,195.3 169.1 2,364.4 692.9 3,057.3 280.9 77.3 7.2 71.8
2015 Q1 2,194.8 185.4 2,380.2 732.2 3,112.4 302.9 76.5 7.8 70.5
Q2 2,248.8 162.6 2,411.4 695.5 3,106.8 269.9 77.6 6.7 72.4
Q3 2,284.4 150.4 2,434.8 672.0 3,106.8 251.9 78.4 6.2 73.5
Q4 2,279.3 145.6 2,424.9 677.2 3,102.1 246.2 78.2 6.0 73.5
2016 Q1 2,273.0 146.2 2,419.2 674.4 3,093.7 249.8 78.2 6.0 73.5
Q2 2,313.2 130.7 2,443.9 643.8 3,087.8 211.6 79.1 5.3 74.9
Q3 2,329.0 121.1 2,450.2 629.1 3,079.2 201.2 79.6 4.9 75.6
Q4 2,342.7 109.2 2,451.9 628.4 3,080.3 181.9 79.6 4.5 76.1
2017 Q1 2,346.0 108.7 2,454.7 683.9 3,138.5 193.4 78.2 4.4 74.7
Q2 2,381.7 100.0 2,481.7 642.3 3,124.0 175.0 79.4 4.0 76.2
Q3 2,402.0 90.6 2,492.5 623.2 3,115.7 160.1 80.0 3.6 77.1
Q4 2,401.6 82.5 2,484.0 621.1 3,105.1 145.5 80.0 3.3 77.3
2018 Q1 2,389.4 88.0 2,477.5 621.5 3,099.0 151.4 79.9 3.6 77.1
Q2 2,401.1 88.1 2,489.2 604.8 3,094.1 146.0 80.5 3.5 77.6
Q3 2,411.4 85.6 2,497.0 592.2 3,089.2 147.1 80.8 3.4 78.1
Q4 2,404.5 90.0 2,494.5 593.1 3,087.6 155.4 80.8 3.6 77.9
2019 Q1 2,434.2 89.6 2,523.8 628.0 3,151.8 153.3 80.1 3.5 77.2
Q2 2,429.0 87.3 2,516.3 635.6 3,152.0 152.1 79.8 3.5 77.1
Q3 2,440.2 83.4 2,523.6 626.1 3,149.7 143.9 80.1 3.3 77.5
Q4 2,440.1 81.1 2,521.1 624.3 3,145.5 141.0 80.2 3.2 77.6
2020 Q1 2,414.8 91.4 2,506.2 634.5 3,140.6 167.2 79.8 3.6 76.9
Q2 2,385.2 111.8 2,497.0 639.7 3,136.7 205.1 79.6 4.5 76.0
Q3 2,431.3 108.7 2,540.0 593.0 3,133.0 183.3 81.1 4.3 77.6
Q4 2,432.6 102.0 2,534.7 594.5 3,129.1 175.8 81.0 4.0 77.7
2021 Q1 2,407.0 104.0 2,510.9 604.9 3,115.8 193.2 80.6 4.1 77.2
Q2 2,409.8 103.7 2,513.4 590.2 3,103.7 181.3 81.0 4.1 77.6
Q3 2,422.3 97.1 2,519.4 575.9 3,095.3 158.8 81.4 3.9 78.3
Q4 2,429.4 89.1 2,518.5 570.7 3,089.2 145.8 81.5 3.5 78.6
2022 Q1 2,437.1 98.3 2,535.4 602.3 3,137.7 151.4 80.8 3.9 77.7
Q2 2,447.1 85.9 2,533.0 603.3 3,136.3 134.0 80.8 3.4 78.0
Q3 2,454.2 96.2 2,550.4 582.6 3,133.0 141.9 81.4 3.8 78.3
Q4 2,441.2 101.5 2,542.8 587.1 3,129.8 157.0 81.2 4.0 78.0
2023 Q1 2,438.0 104.7 2,542.7 591.4 3,134.1 153.5 81.1 4.1 77.8
Q2 2,449.3 103.0 2,552.2 583.4 3,135.6 146.7 81.4 4.0 78.1
Q3 2,462.1 103.3 2,565.4 564.6 3,130.0 136.5 82.0 4.0 78.7
Q4 2,444.3 112.1 2,556.4 571.3 3,127.7 155.3 81.7 4.4 78.2
2024 Q1 2,421.7 125.0 2,546.8 582.8 3,129.6 165.2 81.4 4.9 77.4
Q2 2,443.1 113.5 2,556.7 572.4 3,129.1 157.6 81.7 4.4 78.1
Q3
Q4
female
2009 Q1 1,836.8 177.9 2,014.7 1,242.2 3,257.0 297.5 61.9 8.8 56.4
Q2 1,844.5 175.5 2,019.9 1,237.3 3,257.2 298.8 62.0 8.7 56.6
Q3 1,846.4 191.0 2,037.4 1,220.6 3,258.0 322.3 62.5 9.4 56.7
Q4 1,843.6 195.2 2,038.7 1,215.0 3,253.8 326.9 62.7 9.6 56.7
2010 Q1 1,840.4 210.8 2,051.2 1,196.0 3,247.2 343.4 63.2 10.3 56.7
Q2 1,852.6 203.4 2,055.9 1,189.6 3,245.5 335.5 63.3 9.9 57.1
Q3 1,858.4 208.1 2,066.5 1,178.9 3,245.3 342.1 63.7 10.1 57.3
Q4 1,857.2 205.2 2,062.4 1,179.3 3,241.7 343.8 63.6 10.0 57.3
2011 Q1 1,836.7 216.6 2,053.3 1,183.9 3,237.2 361.2 63.4 10.5 56.7
Q2 1,848.5 212.7 2,061.2 1,174.1 3,235.3 352.3 63.7 10.3 57.1
Q3 1,857.2 212.4 2,069.5 1,153.7 3,223.2 360.9 64.2 10.3 57.6
Q4 1,861.5 211.8 2,073.3 1,136.6 3,209.9 360.9 64.6 10.2 58.0
2012 Q1 1,838.2 224.7 2,062.9 1,136.5 3,199.5 376.6 64.5 10.9 57.5
Q2 1,874.3 204.4 2,078.7 1,111.4 3,190.1 363.2 65.2 9.8 58.8
Q3 1,907.8 201.7 2,109.5 1,071.4 3,180.9 368.7 66.3 9.6 60.0
Q4 1,887.5 207.3 2,094.8 1,084.1 3,178.9 380.9 65.9 9.9 59.4
2013 Q1 1,865.0 211.2 2,076.2 1,101.9 3,178.2 383.5 65.3 10.2 58.7
Q2 1,894.1 202.3 2,096.4 1,072.4 3,168.7 369.6 66.2 9.6 59.8
Q3 1,910.5 199.3 2,109.8 1,046.6 3,156.4 355.0 66.8 9.4 60.5
Q4 1,921.1 185.8 2,106.9 1,037.2 3,144.1 338.2 67.0 8.8 61.1
2014 Q1 1,954.4 170.6 2,125.0 1,006.9 3,131.9 323.9 67.8 8.0 62.4
Q2 1,961.6 166.7 2,128.4 993.5 3,121.9 304.0 68.2 7.8 62.8
Q3 1,989.6 158.0 2,147.6 966.4 3,114.0 286.4 69.0 7.4 63.9
Q4 1,989.5 146.8 2,136.3 967.1 3,103.4 274.9 68.8 6.9 64.1
2015 Q1 1,990.0 161.0 2,151.0 1,008.5 3,159.5 290.6 68.1 7.5 63.0
Q2 2,017.8 146.2 2,164.0 992.2 3,156.2 254.4 68.6 6.8 63.9
Q3 2,044.3 140.3 2,184.5 971.2 3,155.7 241.4 69.2 6.4 64.8
Q4 2,043.9 133.9 2,177.7 963.1 3,140.8 235.6 69.3 6.1 65.1
2016 Q1 2,047.6 125.3 2,172.9 964.2 3,137.1 231.2 69.3 5.8 65.3
Q2 2,088.3 102.2 2,190.5 942.0 3,132.6 197.3 69.9 4.7 66.7
Q3 2,105.4 103.0 2,208.4 918.2 3,126.6 188.0 70.6 4.7 67.3
Q4 2,115.4 93.1 2,208.4 910.4 3,118.8 180.9 70.8 4.2 67.8
2017 Q1 2,096.8 97.3 2,194.1 985.3 3,179.3 194.4 69.0 4.4 66.0
Q2 2,100.1 95.0 2,195.1 971.3 3,166.4 182.4 69.3 4.3 66.3
Q3 2,113.4 96.2 2,209.6 941.2 3,150.8 177.0 70.1 4.4 67.1
Q4 2,115.7 92.2 2,207.9 938.1 3,146.0 166.7 70.2 4.2 67.3
2018 Q1 2,110.6 89.2 2,199.8 936.0 3,135.8 163.9 70.2 4.1 67.3
Q2 2,129.4 76.7 2,206.1 921.2 3,127.2 157.4 70.5 3.5 68.1
Q3 2,132.5 92.1 2,224.6 891.2 3,115.7 158.6 71.4 4.1 68.4
Q4 2,131.9 74.4 2,206.3 907.9 3,114.2 144.8 70.8 3.4 68.5
2019 Q1 2,129.8 74.6 2,204.3 984.3 3,188.6 143.3 69.1 3.4 66.8
Q2 2,137.1 67.2 2,204.3 977.8 3,182.1 138.6 69.3 3.0 67.2
Q3 2,135.7 77.1 2,212.7 961.2 3,174.0 151.5 69.7 3.5 67.3
Q4 2,127.9 71.2 2,199.1 965.7 3,164.8 144.8 69.5 3.2 67.2
2020 Q1 2,112.6 79.6 2,192.3 964.5 3,156.8 163.6 69.4 3.6 66.9
Q2 2,079.0 102.0 2,181.1 968.3 3,149.4 223.6 69.3 4.7 66.0
Q3 2,113.5 97.3 2,210.7 930.9 3,141.6 185.2 70.4 4.4 67.3
Q4 2,105.3 91.5 2,196.8 937.0 3,133.8 182.0 70.1 4.2 67.2
2021 Q1 2,069.4 106.4 2,175.8 943.6 3,119.4 227.9 69.7 4.9 66.3
Q2 2,114.6 91.4 2,206.0 902.1 3,108.2 175.6 71.0 4.1 68.0
Q3 2,138.5 90.1 2,228.6 873.0 3,101.6 156.3 71.9 4.0 68.9
Q4 2,150.6 88.5 2,239.1 854.7 3,093.7 147.4 72.4 4.0 69.5
2022 Q1 2,154.4 80.7 2,235.1 927.9 3,163.0 140.8 70.7 3.6 68.1
Q2 2,162.3 68.2 2,230.5 922.9 3,153.4 121.9 70.7 3.1 68.6
Q3 2,170.0 79.9 2,249.8 896.7 3,146.5 132.8 71.5 3.5 69.0
Q4 2,170.4 85.2 2,255.6 882.0 3,137.5 139.6 71.9 3.8 69.2
2023 Q1 2,161.6 91.9 2,253.5 886.6 3,140.1 140.0 71.8 4.1 68.8
Q2 2,177.9 86.3 2,264.2 878.3 3,142.5 137.9 72.1 3.8 69.3
Q3 2,176.9 93.9 2,270.8 870.0 3,140.8 150.4 72.3 4.1 69.3
Q4 2,194.7 104.7 2,299.4 833.5 3,132.9 154.0 73.4 4.6 70.1
2024 Q1 2,198.0 100.7 2,298.7 836.9 3,135.5 153.4 73.3 4.4 70.1
Q2 2,192.9 99.6 2,292.5 835.4 3,127.9 152.2 73.3 4.3 70.1
Q3
Q4

Footnotes

*Working age, breaks in time series: in 2006–2007 males: 15–61 years, females: 15–60 years, in 2008–2014 males: 15–61 years, females: 15–61 years, in 2015–2016 males: 15–62 years, females: 15–62 years, in 2017–2018 males: 15–63 years, females: 15–63 years, in 2019–2021 males: 15–64 years, females: 15–64 years. in 2022 males: 15–65 years, females: 15–65 years. Source: labour force survey, HCSO.
aFrom 2021, the potential labor reserve determin according to the Eurostat methodology.

Explanation of symbols

__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
.