Country, group of countries Economically active population, thousand persons, 2024 Activity rate, percent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 4,637 71.3 70.7 71.6 71.7 69.4 71.4 72.4 73.5 73.9 74.3 74.4 74.6 75.1 75.5 75.4 75.5 76.2 76.4 76.8 77.1 76.6 77.2 77.8 78.2 78.2
Belgium 5,286 65.2 63.6 64.1 64.3 65.3 66.7 66.5 67.1 67.1 66.9 67.7 66.7 66.9 67.5 67.7 67.6 67.6 68.0 68.6 69.0 68.6 69.7 70.5 70.5 70.8
Bulgaria 2,946 61.6 63.4 62.5 61.7 62.8 62.1 64.5 66.3 67.8 67.2 66.7 65.9 67.1 68.4 69.0 69.3 68.7 71.3 71.5 73.5 72.6 72.3 73.7 73.9 74.0
Cyprus 495 68.9 70.7 70.9 72.2 72.7 72.4 73.0 73.9 73.6 73.0 73.6 73.5 73.5 73.6 74.3 73.9 73.4 73.9 75.0 77.1 76.9 77.7 79.2 80.0 79.5
Czechia 5,148 71.2 70.7 70.4 70.2 69.9 70.4 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.1 70.2 70.5 71.6 72.9 73.5 74.0 75.0 75.9 76.6 76.7 76.4 76.6 77.2 77.1 77.5
Denmark 3,117 80.0 79.2 79.9 79.4 80.2 79.8 80.6 80.1 79.3 78.7 78.0 77.8 77.2 76.6 76.6 76.9 77.5 77.9 78.2 79.1 79.0 79.6 80.4 80.8 82.4
Estonia 710 70.5 69.8 68.4 70.6 70.7 70.7 72.8 73.2 74.2 74.0 73.9 74.7 74.8 75.1 75.2 76.3 77.2 78.4 78.7 78.4 78.8 79.1 81.2 81.6 82.2
Finland 2,739 76.8 77.1 77.2 76.8 76.2 74.7 75.2 75.6 76.0 75.0 74.5 74.9 75.2 75.2 75.4 75.8 75.9 76.7 77.9 78.3 78.3 78.8 79.8 79.9 79.4
France 30,654 68.8 68.6 69.0 69.8 69.7 69.7 69.6 69.7 69.9 70.3 70.3 70.1 70.7 71.1 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.5 71.9 71.7 71.0 73.0 73.6 73.9 74.5
Greece 4,618 63.9 63.3 64.1 64.9 66.3 66.4 66.7 66.5 66.7 67.4 67.8 67.3 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.8 68.2 68.3 68.2 68.4 67.4 67.3 69.4 69.5 70.5
Netherlands 9,773 74.9 75.7 76.5 76.5 76.6 75.1 75.4 76.7 77.8 78.1 77.9 78.1 79.0 79.4 79.0 79.6 79.7 79.7 80.3 80.9 80.9 83.7 84.7 85.5 85.5
Croatia 1,741 .. .. 62.6 62.3 63.9 63.3 62.8 65.7 65.8 65.6 65.1 64.1 63.9 63.7 66.0 66.9 65.5 66.2 66.1 66.4 67.2 69.0 70.1 70.1 71.9
Ireland 2,758 67.5 67.7 68.0 68.2 68.7 70.8 71.9 75.6 74.8 73.0 71.6 71.2 71.1 71.8 71.8 72.1 72.7 72.7 72.9 73.3 71.9 74.6 76.8 77.5 77.9
Poland 17,280 66.1 66.0 64.9 64.0 63.7 64.4 63.4 63.2 63.8 64.7 65.3 65.7 66.5 67.0 67.9 68.1 68.8 69.6 70.1 70.8 71.1 72.9 73.6 74.5 74.7
Latvia 889 67.1 67.6 69.3 68.8 68.7 69.1 71.0 72.6 74.2 73.5 73.0 72.8 74.4 74.0 74.6 75.7 76.3 77.0 77.7 77.3 78.2 75.8 76.8 76.6 76.7
Lithuania 1,496 71.2 70.1 69.8 72.1 69.3 68.7 67.6 67.9 68.4 69.6 70.2 71.4 71.8 72.4 73.7 74.1 75.5 75.9 77.3 78.0 78.5 78.2 78.6 78.8 79.5
Luxembourg 342 64.2 64.1 65.3 64.6 65.8 66.6 66.7 66.9 66.8 68.7 68.2 67.9 69.4 69.9 70.8 70.9 70.0 70.2 71.1 72.0 72.2 73.2 73.5 74.1 74.5
Hungary 4,791 59.9 59.4 59.5 60.6 60.2 61.3 62.0 61.6 61.2 61.2 61.9 62.4 63.7 64.7 67.0 68.6 70.1 71.2 72.1 72.8 73.0 76.3 77.3 78.2 78.6
Malta 323 58.2 58.9 59.1 59.1 57.6 57.6 57.9 58.8 59.1 59.4 60.4 61.8 63.9 66.3 67.8 68.8 70.6 72.2 74.1 74.8 76.0 77.1 79.3 80.7 82.1
Germany 42,392 71.0 71.3 71.5 72.1 72.1 73.8 74.9 75.6 75.9 76.3 76.7 77.3 77.2 77.6 77.7 77.6 77.9 78.2 78.6 79.2 78.5 78.7 79.5 79.8 80.2
Italy 24,798 59.9 60.3 61.0 61.6 62.8 62.5 62.6 62.4 62.9 62.3 62.0 62.1 63.5 63.4 63.9 64.0 64.9 65.4 65.6 65.7 64.1 64.5 65.5 66.7 66.6
Portugal 5,228 71.1 71.8 72.6 72.8 72.6 73.2 73.6 73.9 73.9 73.4 73.7 73.6 73.4 73.0 73.2 73.4 73.7 74.7 75.1 75.4 74.1 74.8 76.2 77.6 78.0
Romania 8,219 69.6 68.3 64.2 63.4 63.9 62.3 63.6 63.0 62.9 63.1 64.9 64.1 64.8 64.9 65.7 66.1 65.6 67.3 67.8 68.6 69.2 65.6 66.8 66.8 67.4
Spain 24,045 65.1 64.4 66.4 67.8 68.7 70.0 71.1 71.8 72.7 73.1 73.5 73.9 74.3 74.3 74.2 74.3 74.2 73.9 73.7 73.8 72.2 73.7 74.0 74.5 74.6
Sweden 5,493 75.3 78.1 78.0 77.9 77.7 78.2 78.8 79.1 79.3 78.9 79.1 79.9 80.3 81.1 81.5 81.7 82.1 82.5 82.7 82.9 82.5 82.6 83.3 84.0 83.8
Slovakia 2,710 69.5 70.4 69.5 69.8 69.7 68.9 68.6 68.3 68.8 68.4 68.7 68.7 69.4 69.9 70.3 70.9 71.9 72.1 72.4 72.7 72.4 74.6 76.1 76.5 76.6
Slovenia 1,017 67.4 67.5 68.5 66.9 69.9 70.7 70.9 71.3 71.8 71.8 71.5 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.9 71.8 71.6 74.2 75.0 75.2 74.6 75.0 76.2 75.2 75.9
EUa 213,644 .. .. 67.7 68.1 68.4 68.8 69.3 69.6 70.0 70.1 70.3 70.5 71.0 71.3 71.6 71.9 72.3 72.7 73.1 73.4 72.8 73.6 74.5 75.0 75.3
United Kingdom 33,359 75.2 74.9 75.0 75.1 75.0 75.1 75.5 75.2 75.5 75.3 75.0 75.2 75.8 76.0 76.4 76.6 76.9 77.3 77.6 77.6 77.7 77.1 77.1 77.0 76.6
North Macedonia
940b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 62.2 62.8 63.5 64.0 64.2 64.2 63.9 64.9 65.3 64.9 64.5 65.3 65.4 66.3 65.5 .. .. .. ..
Norway 2,886 80.7 80.5 80.6 78.9 78.7 78.3 78.0 78.8 80.0 78.9 78.1 77.8 78.2 78.2 78.0 78.2 78.0 77.3 77.9 78.3 78.2 79.9 80.4 80.4 80.4
Russia 73,408 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 72.6 72.8 72.9 72.7 73.1 73.3 74.1 74.2 74.6 74.1 74.1 75.2 75.7 76.3 76.8
Switzerland 4,887 80.5 81.2 81.3 81.3 81.0 80.9 81.2 81.6 82.3 82.5 81.3 82.0 82.3 82.4 82.9 83.3 83.9 84.0 84.2 84.3 84.1 83.9 83.6 84.1 84.1
Türkiye 34,552 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.0 49.1 49.8 50.8 51.9 53.2 53.3 54.4 55.1 56.0 56.9 57.9 58.5 58.4 54.9 57.3 59.2 59.5 60.6
Israel 4,224 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 73.0 73.1 73.7 73.7 73.7 73.7 73.6 73.3 71.6 71.8 73.6 74.0 73.2
Japan 60,110 72.5 72.6 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.7 73.2 73.7 73.8 73.9 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.8 75.6 76.0 76.9 77.6 78.8 79.6 79.7 80.1 80.6 81.1 81.5
Republic of Korea 25,269 64.8 65.3 66.0 65.8 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.4 65.8 66.1 66.4 66.6 67.2 68.2 68.8 69.0 69.6 69.6 69.8 68.9 69.4 70.9 71.5 71.8
United Statesc 156,455 77.2 76.8 76.4 75.8 75.4 75.4 75.5 75.3 75.3 74.6 73.9 73.3 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 73.0 73.3 73.6 74.1 73.0 73.4 74.0 74.7 74.9
Canada 20,792 76.2 76.3 77.4 78.2 78.1 77.7 77.9 78.3 78.5 78.2 78.0 78.0 78.2 78.4 78.1 78.3 78.3 78.7 78.7 79.2 77.7 79.4 79.8 80.2 79.7
Mexico 58,379 .. .. 60.6 61.0 61.6 62.3 63.3 63.4 63.2 63.3 63.1 63.4 64.2 64.1 63.6 63.6 63.7 63.4 63.8 64.6 60.9 64.7 65.8 66.5 66.7
Australia 14,241 73.8 74.1 74.1 74.5 74.4 75.4 75.8 76.2 76.5 76.4 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.9 76.9 77.2 78.1 78.5 77.7 79.3 80.5 80.8 80.5
New Zealand 2,854 75.0 75.6 76.2 75.8 76.3 77.2 77.8 78.0 77.8 77.4 77.0 77.2 77.0 77.4 78.6 78.7 79.9 80.9 81.2 80.9 80.6 81.6 82.5 83.3 82.7

Footnotes

*Download date: 2 October 2025.
aThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.