Country, group of countries Employed, thousand persons, 2021 Employment rate, percent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Austria 4,394 67.9 67.8 68.1 68.2 65.3 67.4 68.6 69.9 70.8 70.3 70.8 71.1 71.4 71.4 71.1 71.1 71.5 72.2 73.0 73.6 72.4 72.4 74.0 74.1
Belgium 4,954 60.9 59.7 59.7 59.3 60.5 61.1 61.0 62.0 62.4 61.6 62.0 61.9 61.8 61.8 61.9 61.8 62.3 63.1 64.5 65.3 64.7 65.3 66.5 66.6
Bulgaria 2,822 51.5 50.7 51.1 53.1 55.1 55.8 58.6 61.7 64.0 62.6 59.8 58.4 58.8 59.5 61.0 62.9 63.4 66.9 67.7 70.4 68.9 68.5 70.6 70.7
Cyprus 463 65.4 67.9 68.5 69.2 69.4 68.5 69.6 71.0 70.9 69.0 68.9 67.6 64.6 61.7 62.1 62.7 63.7 65.6 68.6 70.5 69.9 70.8 72.7 75.2
Czechia 4,890 64.9 65.0 65.5 64.9 64.1 64.8 65.3 66.1 66.6 65.4 65.0 65.7 66.5 67.7 69.0 70.2 72.0 73.6 74.8 75.1 74.4 74.4 75.5 75.1
Denmark 2,881 76.4 75.9 76.4 75.1 76.0 75.9 77.4 77.0 76.3 73.5 71.8 71.6 71.0 70.7 71.1 72.0 72.7 73.2 74.1 75.0 74.4 75.5 76.8 76.6
Estonia 653 60.9 60.6 61.4 62.4 63.2 64.8 68.4 69.8 70.1 63.8 61.2 65.3 67.1 68.5 69.6 71.4 71.8 73.7 74.4 74.8 73.2 74.0 76.4 76.2
Finland 2,532 68.1 69.1 69.1 68.7 68.3 68.4 69.3 70.3 71.1 68.7 68.1 69.0 69.4 68.9 68.7 68.5 69.1 70.0 72.1 72.9 72.1 72.7 74.3 74.0
France 28,012 61.7 62.7 62.9 64.0 63.4 63.8 63.7 64.3 64.9 64.1 64.0 63.9 64.0 64.0 63.7 63.8 64.2 64.7 65.3 65.6 65.3 67.2 68.1 68.4
Greece 4,078 56.6 56.5 57.6 58.7 59.3 59.6 60.6 60.9 61.4 60.8 59.1 55.1 50.8 48.8 49.4 50.8 52.0 53.5 54.9 56.5 56.3 57.2 60.7 61.8
Netherlands 9,387 72.9 74.1 74.5 73.8 73.1 70.6 71.6 73.5 74.9 74.6 73.9 74.2 74.4 73.6 73.1 74.1 74.8 75.8 77.2 78.2 77.8 80.1 81.8 82.4
Croatia 1,589 .. .. 52.9 53.4 54.9 55.0 55.6 59.0 60.0 59.4 57.4 55.2 53.5 52.5 54.6 56.0 56.9 58.9 60.6 62.0 62.2 63.8 65.3 65.8
Ireland 2,571 64.5 65.2 65.1 65.1 65.5 67.6 68.7 71.7 69.7 63.6 61.0 60.0 59.9 61.7 63.1 64.8 66.4 67.7 68.6 69.5 67.7 69.8 73.3 74.0
Poland 16,865 55.1 53.7 51.7 51.4 51.4 52.8 54.5 57.0 59.2 59.3 58.9 59.3 59.7 60.0 61.7 62.9 64.5 66.1 67.4 68.5 68.8 70.4 71.5 72.4
Latvia 833 57.4 58.1 59.6 60.3 60.5 62.1 65.9 68.1 68.2 60.3 58.5 60.8 63.0 65.0 66.3 68.1 68.7 70.1 71.8 72.3 71.6 69.9 71.3 71.4
Lithuania 1,368 59.6 58.1 60.6 62.8 61.8 62.9 63.6 65.0 64.4 59.9 57.6 60.2 62.0 63.7 65.7 67.2 69.4 70.4 72.4 73.0 71.6 72.4 73.8 73.2
Luxembourg 318 62.7 63.0 63.6 62.2 62.5 63.6 63.6 64.2 63.4 65.2 65.2 64.6 65.8 65.7 66.6 66.1 65.6 66.3 67.1 67.9 67.2 69.4 70.1 70.3
Hungary 4,604 55.9 56.1 56.2 57.0 56.6 56.9 57.4 57.0 56.4 55.0 54.9 55.4 56.7 58.1 61.8 63.9 66.5 68.2 69.2 70.1 69.7 73.1 74.4 74.8
Malta 297 54.5 54.7 55.0 54.6 53.4 53.6 53.9 55.0 55.5 55.3 56.2 57.9 59.9 62.2 63.9 65.1 67.2 69.2 71.1 71.7 72.3 74.2 76.5 77.8
Germany 41,363 65.3 65.7 65.4 64.9 64.3 65.5 67.2 69.0 70.1 70.3 71.3 72.7 73.0 73.5 73.8 74.0 74.7 75.2 75.9 76.7 75.4 75.6 76.8 77.2
Italy 22,835 53.4 54.5 55.4 56.1 57.8 57.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 57.4 56.8 56.8 56.6 55.5 55.7 56.3 57.2 58.0 58.6 59.1 58.1 58.2 60.1 61.5
Portugal 4,823 68.2 68.9 69.1 68.1 67.8 67.3 67.6 67.6 68.0 66.1 65.3 63.8 61.4 60.5 62.6 63.9 65.3 67.8 69.7 70.4 68.8 69.6 71.4 72.4
Romania 7,614 64.2 63.3 58.6 58.7 58.7 57.6 58.8 58.8 59.0 58.6 60.2 59.3 60.2 60.1 61.0 61.4 61.6 63.9 64.8 65.8 65.6 61.9 63.1 63.0
Spain 20,852 56.1 57.7 59.0 60.1 61.1 63.6 65.0 65.8 64.5 60.0 58.8 58.0 55.8 54.8 56.0 57.8 59.5 61.1 62.4 63.3 60.9 62.6 64.3 65.3
Sweden 5,059 71.1 74.4 74.0 73.6 72.4 72.3 73.1 74.2 74.3 72.2 72.1 73.6 73.8 74.4 74.9 75.5 76.2 76.9 77.4 77.1 75.5 75.1 77.0 77.4
Slovakia 2,560 56.3 56.7 56.5 57.9 56.7 57.7 59.4 60.7 62.3 60.2 58.8 59.3 59.7 59.9 61.0 62.7 64.9 66.2 67.6 68.4 67.5 69.4 71.3 72.0
Slovenia 970 62.7 63.6 64.3 62.5 65.6 66.0 66.6 67.8 68.6 67.5 66.2 64.4 64.1 63.3 63.9 65.2 65.8 69.3 71.1 71.8 70.9 71.4 73.1 72.5
EU27_2020 199,587 .. .. 61.2 61.4 61.5 62.1 63.2 64.3 64.8 63.6 63.3 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.8 64.6 65.6 66.7 67.7 68.4 67.5 68.3 69.8 70.4
United Kingdom
31,382a
 71.0 71.3 71.2 71.4 71.6 71.8 71.6 71.5 71.5 69.9 69.4 69.3 69.9 70.5 71.9 72.7 73.5 74.1 74.7 75.2 .. .. .. ..
North Macedonia
784b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.6 40.7 41.9 43.3 43.5 43.9 44.0 46.0 46.9 47.8 49.1 50.5 51.7 54.7 54.7 .. .. ..
Norway 2,753 77.9 77.5 77.3 75.6 75.3 74.8 75.4 76.8 78.0 76.4 75.3 75.3 75.7 75.4 75.2 74.8 74.3 74.0 74.8 75.3 74.7 76.3 77.7 77.4
Russia 72,227 63.3 63.2 64.5 64.1 65.5 66.3 66.8 68.5 68.6 66.9 67.2 68.0 68.9 68.7 69.2 69.2 69.9 70.2 70.9 70.7 69.9 71.6 72.7 73.9
Switzerland 4,649 78.3 79.1 78.9 77.9 77.4 77.2 77.9 78.6 79.5 79.0 77.3 78.3 78.5 78.4 78.8 79.2 79.6 79.8 80.1 80.5 79.9 79.6 80.1 80.7
Türkiye 30,598 .. .. .. .. .. .. 44.6 44.6 44.9 44.3 46.3 48.4 48.9 49.5 49.5 50.2 50.6 51.5 52.0 50.3 47.5 50.3 52.8 53.8
Israel 4,050 62.1 61.6 60.1 60.1 60.9 62.3 63.2 64.5 65.5 64.3 65.2 65.8 68.0 68.5 69.4 69.8 70.2 70.6 70.6 70.5 68.6 68.3 70.8 71.5
Japan 58,330 68.9 68.8 68.3 68.4 68.7 69.3 70.0 70.7 70.7 70.0 70.1 70.3 70.5 71.7 72.7 73.3 74.3 75.3 76.8 77.6 77.3 77.7 78.4 78.9
Republic of Korea 24,746 62.1 62.8 63.9 63.5 64.3 64.2 64.4 64.6 64.4 63.5 63.8 64.4 64.7 65.0 66.0 66.3 66.4 67.0 66.9 67.1 66.2 66.9 68.9 69.6
United Statesc 150,155 74.1 73.1 71.9 71.2 71.2 71.5 72.0 71.8 70.9 67.6 66.7 66.6 67.1 67.4 68.2 68.7 69.4 70.1 70.7 71.4 67.1 69.4 71.3 72.0
Canada 19,125 70.9 70.8 71.4 72.2 72.5 72.4 72.8 73.5 73.5 71.5 71.5 72.0 72.3 72.7 72.5 72.7 72.7 73.6 74.0 74.6 70.1 73.5 75.6 75.8
Mexico 55,495 60.1 59.4 58.7 58.8 59.1 60.1 61.0 61.0 60.7 59.8 59.7 60.0 60.9 60.9 60.4 60.8 61.1 61.2 61.6 62.3 57.5 61.1 62.5 63.7
Australia 13,429 69.1 69.0 69.4 70.0 70.3 71.5 72.1 72.8 73.2 72.1 72.4 72.7 72.3 72.0 71.6 72.2 72.4 73.0 73.8 74.3 72.7 75.0 77.4 77.8
New Zealand 2,715 70.3 71.4 72.1 72.2 73.2 74.2 74.8 75.1 74.6 72.8 72.2 72.5 72.0 72.7 74.2 74.2 75.6 76.9 77.5 77.5 76.8 78.3 79.7 80.1

Footnotes

*Download date: 2 October 2024.
a2019.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.