Country, group of countries Employed, thousand persons, 2024 Employment rate, percent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 4,395 67.9 67.8 68.1 68.2 65.3 67.4 68.6 69.9 70.8 70.3 70.8 71.1 71.4 71.4 71.1 71.1 71.5 72.2 73.0 73.6 72.4 72.4 74.0 74.1 74.1
Belgium 4,981 60.9 59.7 59.7 59.3 60.5 61.1 61.0 62.0 62.4 61.6 62.0 61.9 61.8 61.8 61.9 61.8 62.3 63.1 64.5 65.3 64.7 65.3 66.5 66.6 66.7
Bulgaria 2,821 51.5 50.7 51.1 53.1 55.1 55.8 58.6 61.7 64.0 62.6 59.8 58.4 58.8 59.5 61.0 62.9 63.4 66.9 67.7 70.4 68.9 68.5 70.6 70.7 70.9
Cyprus 471 65.4 67.9 68.5 69.2 69.4 68.5 69.6 71.0 70.9 69.0 68.9 67.6 64.6 61.7 62.1 62.7 63.7 65.6 68.6 71.4 70.9 72.0 74.1 75.2 75.5
Czechia 5,010 64.9 65.0 65.5 64.9 64.1 64.8 65.3 66.1 66.6 65.4 65.0 65.7 66.5 67.7 69.0 70.2 72.0 73.6 74.8 75.1 74.4 74.4 75.5 75.1 75.4
Denmark 2,920 76.4 75.9 76.4 75.1 76.0 75.9 77.4 77.0 76.3 73.5 71.8 71.6 71.0 70.7 71.1 72.0 72.7 73.2 74.1 75.0 74.4 75.5 76.8 76.6 77.2
Estonia 654 60.9 60.6 61.4 62.4 63.2 64.8 68.4 69.8 70.1 63.8 61.2 65.3 67.1 68.5 69.6 71.4 71.8 73.7 74.4 74.8 73.2 74.0 76.4 76.2 75.7
Finland 2,504 68.1 69.1 69.1 68.7 68.3 68.4 69.3 70.3 71.1 68.7 68.1 69.0 69.4 68.9 68.7 68.5 69.1 70.0 72.1 72.9 72.1 72.7 74.3 74.0 72.6
France 28,364 61.7 62.7 62.9 64.0 63.4 63.8 63.7 64.3 64.9 64.1 64.0 63.9 64.0 64.0 63.7 63.8 64.2 64.7 65.3 65.6 65.3 67.2 68.1 68.4 69.0
Greece 4,146 56.6 56.5 57.6 58.7 59.3 59.6 60.6 60.9 61.4 60.8 59.1 55.1 50.8 48.8 49.4 50.8 52.0 53.5 54.9 56.5 56.3 57.2 60.7 61.8 63.3
Netherlands 9,413 72.9 74.1 74.5 73.8 73.1 70.6 71.6 73.5 74.9 74.6 73.9 74.2 74.4 73.6 73.1 74.1 74.8 75.8 77.2 78.2 77.8 80.1 81.8 82.4 82.3
Croatia 1,653 .. .. 52.9 53.4 54.9 55.0 55.6 59.0 60.0 59.4 57.4 55.2 53.5 52.6 54.5 55.9 56.9 58.8 60.5 62.0 62.2 63.8 65.3 65.8 68.3
Ireland 2,636 64.5 65.2 65.1 65.1 65.5 67.6 68.7 71.7 69.7 63.6 61.0 60.0 59.9 61.7 63.1 64.8 66.4 67.7 68.6 69.5 67.7 69.8 73.3 74.0 74.5
Poland 16,771 55.1 53.7 51.7 51.4 51.4 52.8 54.5 57.0 59.2 59.3 58.9 59.3 59.7 60.0 61.7 62.9 64.5 66.1 67.4 68.5 68.8 70.4 71.5 72.4 72.5
Latvia 825 57.4 58.1 59.6 60.3 60.5 62.1 65.9 68.1 68.2 60.3 58.5 60.8 63.0 65.0 66.3 68.1 68.7 70.1 71.8 72.3 71.6 69.9 71.3 71.4 71.2
Lithuania 1,385 59.6 58.1 60.6 62.8 61.8 62.9 63.6 65.0 64.4 59.9 57.6 60.2 62.0 63.7 65.7 67.2 69.4 70.4 72.4 73.0 71.6 72.4 73.8 73.2 73.6
Luxembourg 320 62.7 63.0 63.6 62.2 62.5 63.6 63.6 64.2 63.4 65.2 65.2 64.6 65.8 65.7 66.6 66.1 65.6 66.3 67.1 67.9 67.2 69.4 70.1 70.3 69.7
Hungary 4,574 55.9 56.1 56.2 57.0 56.6 56.9 57.4 57.0 56.4 55.0 54.9 55.4 56.7 58.1 61.8 63.9 66.5 68.2 69.4 70.3 69.9 73.3 74.5 74.9 75.1
Malta 313 54.5 54.7 55.0 54.6 53.4 53.6 53.9 55.0 55.5 55.3 56.2 57.9 59.9 62.2 63.9 65.1 67.2 69.2 71.1 71.7 72.3 74.2 76.5 77.8 79.5
Germany 40,924 65.3 65.7 65.4 64.9 64.3 65.5 67.2 69.0 70.1 70.3 71.3 72.7 73.0 73.5 73.8 74.0 74.7 75.2 75.9 76.7 75.4 75.8 77.0 77.3 77.5
Italy 23,150 53.4 54.5 55.4 56.1 57.8 57.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 57.4 56.8 56.8 56.6 55.5 55.7 56.3 57.2 58.0 58.6 59.1 58.1 58.2 60.1 61.5 62.2
Portugal 4,882 68.2 68.9 69.1 68.1 67.8 67.3 67.6 67.6 68.0 66.1 65.3 63.8 61.4 60.5 62.6 63.9 65.3 67.8 69.7 70.4 68.8 69.6 71.4 72.4 72.8
Romania 7,771 64.2 63.3 58.6 58.7 58.7 57.6 58.8 58.8 59.0 58.6 60.2 59.3 60.2 60.1 61.0 61.4 61.6 63.9 64.8 65.8 65.6 61.9 63.1 63.0 63.8
Spain 21,300 56.1 57.7 59.0 60.1 61.1 63.6 65.0 65.8 64.5 60.0 58.8 58.0 55.8 54.8 56.0 57.8 59.5 61.1 62.4 63.3 60.9 62.6 64.3 65.3 66.1
Sweden 5,024 71.1 74.4 74.0 73.6 72.4 72.3 73.1 74.2 74.3 72.2 72.1 73.6 73.8 74.4 74.9 75.5 76.2 76.9 77.4 77.1 75.5 75.1 77.0 77.4 76.7
Slovakia 2,563 56.3 56.7 56.5 57.9 56.7 57.7 59.4 60.7 62.3 60.2 58.8 59.3 59.7 59.9 61.0 62.7 64.9 66.2 67.6 68.4 67.5 69.4 71.3 72.0 72.4
Slovenia 980 62.7 63.6 64.3 62.5 65.6 66.0 66.6 67.8 68.6 67.5 66.2 64.4 64.1 63.3 63.9 65.2 65.8 69.3 71.1 71.8 70.9 71.4 73.1 72.5 73.1
EUa 200,750 .. .. 61.2 61.4 61.5 62.1 63.2 64.3 64.8 63.6 63.3 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.8 64.6 65.6 66.7 67.7 68.4 67.5 68.3 69.8 70.4 70.8
United Kingdom 31,875 71.0 71.3 71.2 71.4 71.6 71.4 71.3 71.1 71.1 69.4 68.9 68.9 69.3 69.9 71.4 72.3 73.0 73.7 74.3 74.7 74.2 73.3 74.1 73.8 73.2
North Macedonia
784b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.6 40.7 41.9 43.3 43.5 43.9 44.0 46.0 46.9 47.8 49.1 50.5 51.7 54.7 54.7 .. .. .. ..
Norway 2,767 77.9 77.5 77.3 75.6 75.3 74.8 75.4 76.8 78.0 76.4 75.3 75.3 75.7 75.4 75.2 74.8 74.3 74.0 74.8 75.3 74.7 76.3 77.7 77.4 77.1
Russia 71,613 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 67.2 68.0 68.9 68.7 69.2 69.2 69.9 70.2 70.9 70.7 69.9 71.6 72.7 73.9 74.9
Switzerland 4,669 78.3 79.1 78.9 77.9 77.4 77.2 77.9 78.6 79.5 79.0 77.3 78.3 78.5 78.4 78.8 79.2 79.6 79.8 80.1 80.5 79.9 79.6 80.1 80.7 80.4
Türkiye 31,471 .. .. .. .. .. .. 44.6 44.6 44.9 44.3 46.3 48.4 48.9 49.5 49.5 50.2 50.6 51.5 52.0 50.3 47.5 50.3 52.8 53.8 55.2
Israel 4,097 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68.0 68.5 69.4 69.8 70.2 70.6 70.6 70.5 68.6 68.3 70.8 71.5 71.0
Japan 58,510 68.9 68.8 68.3 68.4 68.7 69.3 70.0 70.7 70.7 70.0 70.1 70.3 70.5 71.7 72.7 73.3 74.3 75.3 76.8 77.6 77.3 77.7 78.4 78.9 79.4
Republic of Korea 24,573 62.1 62.8 63.9 63.5 64.3 64.2 64.4 64.6 64.4 63.5 63.8 64.4 64.7 65.0 66.0 66.3 66.4 67.0 66.9 67.1 66.2 66.9 68.9 69.6 69.8
United Statesc 150,058 74.1 73.1 71.9 71.2 71.2 71.5 72.0 71.8 70.9 67.6 66.7 66.6 67.1 67.4 68.2 68.7 69.4 70.1 70.7 71.4 67.1 69.4 71.3 72.0 71.9
Canada 19,448 70.9 70.8 71.4 72.2 72.5 72.4 72.8 73.5 73.5 71.5 71.5 72.0 72.3 72.7 72.5 72.7 72.7 73.6 74.1 74.6 70.1 73.5 75.6 75.8 74.6
Mexico 56,785 .. .. 58.7 58.8 59.1 60.1 61.0 61.0 60.7 59.8 59.7 60.0 60.9 60.9 60.4 60.8 61.1 61.2 61.6 62.3 58.1 62.1 63.6 64.7 64.9
Australia 13,664 69.1 69.0 69.4 70.0 70.3 71.5 72.1 72.8 73.2 72.1 72.4 72.7 72.3 72.0 71.6 72.2 72.4 72.8 73.8 74.4 72.6 75.2 77.4 77.8 77.3
New Zealand 2,714 70.3 71.4 72.1 72.2 73.2 74.2 74.8 75.1 74.6 72.7 72.1 72.4 71.9 72.7 74.2 74.2 75.6 76.9 77.5 77.5 76.8 78.3 79.7 80.1 78.6

Footnotes

*Download date: 2 October 2025.
aThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.