Country, group of countries |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
Quarter 1 |
Quarter 2 |
Quarter 3 |
Quarter 4 |
Quarter 1 |
Quarter 2 |
Quarter 3 |
Quarter 4 |
Quarter 1 |
Quarter 2 |
Quarter 3 |
Quarter 4 |
Quarter 1 |
Quarter 2 |
Quarter 3 |
Quarter 4 |
Quarter 1 |
Quarter 2 |
Quarter 3 |
Quarter 4 |
Austria |
5.0 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
4.7 |
5.7 |
5.8 |
5.5 |
8.0 |
6.6 |
5.4 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
4.8 |
|
|
Belgium |
5.7 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
4.9 |
6.5 |
5.8 |
6.7 |
6.2 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.5 |
|
|
Bulgaria |
5.1 |
4.2 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.6 |
6.0 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
6.4 |
5.7 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
|
|
Cyprus |
9.0 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
7.0 |
8.5 |
8.2 |
8.8 |
8.6 |
6.8 |
6.4 |
6.8 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
7.1 |
6.9 |
6.1 |
|
|
Czechia |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
|
|
Denmark |
5.6 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
6.5 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
|
|
Estonia |
4.8 |
5.4 |
4.1 |
4.3 |
5.3 |
7.7 |
7.8 |
7.8 |
7.3 |
7.1 |
6.0 |
5.4 |
5.8 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
5.4 |
7.0 |
|
|
Finland |
7.2 |
7.8 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
7.3 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
7.6 |
8.6 |
9.2 |
7.0 |
6.4 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
6.8 |
6.3 |
7.2 |
8.1 |
|
|
France |
9.1 |
8.1 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
8.2 |
6.8 |
9.0 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
7.7 |
8.0 |
7.7 |
7.6 |
7.2 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
7.3 |
7.0 |
|
|
Greece |
19.4 |
17.0 |
16.5 |
16.9 |
16.4 |
16.8 |
16.3 |
16.4 |
17.3 |
15.9 |
13.2 |
13.4 |
13.9 |
12.5 |
11.8 |
12.1 |
11.9 |
11.3 |
|
|
Netherlands |
3.7 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
|
|
Croatia |
7.6 |
6.2 |
5.8 |
7.3 |
7.1 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
9.2 |
10.0 |
7.9 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
7.2 |
7.4 |
6.8 |
6.8 |
7.4 |
5.7 |
|
|
Ireland |
4.9 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
5.2 |
7.3 |
5.9 |
7.2 |
7.4 |
5.9 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
|
|
Poland |
4.0 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.1 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.6 |
|
|
Latvia |
7.1 |
6.6 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
7.5 |
6.9 |
7.1 |
6.9 |
6.7 |
6.6 |
|
|
Lithuania |
6.7 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
6.6 |
7.4 |
8.9 |
9.6 |
9.4 |
7.7 |
7.7 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
6.6 |
5.5 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
8.1 |
6.2 |
|
|
Luxembourg |
5.4 |
5.3 |
5.9 |
5.8 |
6.3 |
6.4 |
7.9 |
6.6 |
5.6 |
5.7 |
5.6 |
4.3 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
5.1 |
4.6 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
|
|
Hungary |
3.6 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.8 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
|
|
Malta |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
4.7 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
|
|
Germany |
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
4.3 |
3.8 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
|
|
Italy |
11.3 |
10.0 |
9.3 |
10.1 |
9.6 |
7.9 |
10.2 |
9.7 |
10.9 |
9.8 |
9.0 |
9.2 |
8.9 |
8.1 |
7.8 |
8.1 |
8.5 |
7.6 |
|
|
Portugal |
7.0 |
6.5 |
6.4 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
5.8 |
8.1 |
7.5 |
7.3 |
6.8 |
6.3 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.4 |
6.2 |
|
|
Romania |
4.2 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.8 |
.. |
5.4 |
|
|
Spain |
14.8 |
14.1 |
14.0 |
13.9 |
14.5 |
15.4 |
16.4 |
16.3 |
16.1 |
15.4 |
14.7 |
13.4 |
13.7 |
12.6 |
12.8 |
13.0 |
13.4 |
11.7 |
|
|
Sweden |
7.5 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
6.5 |
7.8 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
8.1 |
10.0 |
10.1 |
8.4 |
7.6 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
|
|
Slovakia |
5.9 |
5.8 |
5.9 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
7.0 |
6.8 |
6.6 |
6.4 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
6.1 |
6.3 |
5.8 |
|
|
Slovenia |
4.9 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.7 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
|
|
EU27_2020 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
6.6 |
6.7 |
6.9 |
6.8 |
7.7 |
7.4 |
7.9 |
7.3 |
6.8 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
6.1 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
5.9 |
|
|
United Kingdom |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
5.0 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg).
.