Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
volume change (on previous year, per cent) as % of GDP
Austria 5.8 -1.1 -2.9 3.8 0.9 0.3 1.2 4.6 1.6 -7.2 -2.6 6.6 0.9 1.6 -0.4 2.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 -5.3 8.7 0.3 26.2
Belgium 5.0 1.6 -4.1 -0.1 9.0 5.7 1.9 7.3 1.9 -6.6 0.0 5.2 0.6 -2.3 5.4 3.7 4.2 1.4 3.0 5.0 -5.3 5.1 -0.8 24.1
Bulgaria 16.5 19.8 8.1 12.9 13.8 26.7 13.0 13.1 22.0 -17.7 -17.6 -4.4 1.8 0.5 3.5 2.7 -6.6 3.2 5.4 4.5 0.6 -8.3 -4.3 15.4
Cyprus -1.0 0.0 11.4 1.9 5.8 6.5 20.9 7.5 8.4 -13.6 -1.4 -11.7 -19.5 -15.8 -7.4 -1.8 49.5 21.2 -4.9 6.9 4.5 -4.2 6.6 20.0
Czechia 7.5 5.8 1.9 2.4 4.0 6.0 5.5 13.3 1.9 -9.0 0.3 1.1 -3.3 -2.2 3.3 9.7 -3.0 4.9 10.0 5.9 -6.0 0.8 6.2 27.0
Denmark 8.2 -0.5 -2.3 1.6 3.5 5.9 13.7 0.7 -2.5 -13.0 -5.7 0.4 3.7 2.7 3.1 5.5 7.9 4.0 4.2 -1.3 5.1 6.2 8.6 23.3
Estonia 14.2 13.0 23.6 17.7 5.5 15.4 22.8 10.3 -13.1 -37.2 -2.2 35.6 11.9 1.5 -2.7 -3.2 5.1 13.8 10.5 -3.7 24.7 2.8 -10.9 25.3
Finland 6.2 1.8 -3.0 2.8 4.7 3.3 1.4 10.3 0.6 -12.0 2.3 3.9 -0.3 -4.6 -1.8 0.5 9.0 4.8 3.6 -1.5 -1.0 1.0 3.2 24.2
France 6.6 2.3 -0.9 1.9 3.5 2.9 3.6 5.5 0.9 -9.1 2.1 2.1 0.2 -0.8 0.0 1.0 2.7 4.7 3.3 4.0 -8.2 11.5 2.2 24.8
Greece 2.9 5.4 -0.3 15.1 3.0 -11.9 19.4 15.9 -7.2 -13.9 -19.3 -25.4 -21.7 -6.6 -3.2 0.2 2.3 8.5 -4.3 -2.2 1.1 20.0 11.7 13.7
Netherlands 2.3 1.3 -4.1 -1.7 0.2 3.3 7.0 14.8 -3.0 -8.6 -6.8 4.9 -6.3 -1.6 -2.4 29.0 -7.3 4.2 3.6 6.2 -2.6 3.2 2.5 21.4
Croatia -1.7 4.3 11.1 21.0 2.8 3.6 8.4 4.6 10.1 -14.8 -13.9 -3.8 -4.5 1.0 -2.3 8.2 5.0 1.6 3.9 9.0 -5.0 4.7 5.8 20.7
Ireland 5.1 5.8 5.6 8.0 9.8 16.8 7.2 0.0 -11.6 -16.9 -15.0 0.0 16.1 -4.2 18.5 50.5 50.3 -0.7 -8.2 100.9 -16.5 -39.0 25.9 26.6
Poland 2.2 -10.6 -6.1 1.2 6.7 8.3 15.4 19.0 8.8 -2.7 -3.5 10.7 -2.0 0.3 11.7 6.9 -7.6 1.6 12.6 6.2 -2.3 1.2 5.0 16.7
Latvia 22.1 19.3 -3.9 10.8 28.4 20.9 14.3 22.4 -10.2 -34.6 -19.7 25.9 17.7 -4.4 -3.9 -2.0 -8.2 11.4 11.7 6.9 -2.6 2.9 0.7 21.8
Lithuania -6.9 12.7 11.1 14.1 15.8 11.5 19.6 22.3 -4.0 -38.9 1.5 20.1 -1.8 8.3 5.7 4.9 3.4 8.9 10.0 6.6 -0.2 7.8 2.6 21.0
Luxembourg -3.2 6.7 0.4 2.1 6.4 -4.7 4.2 12.2 11.0 -13.8 0.6 17.5 1.7 0.7 8.5 -8.2 2.8 5.3 -7.3 9.1 -3.6 6.7 -0.5 16.9
Hungary 6.0 2.7 7.7 1.2 7.9 3.6 0.7 4.6 1.2 -9.1 -9.5 -1.3 -3.0 9.8 12.2 4.9 -10.6 19.7 16.3 12.8 -7.1 6.5 1.2 28.4
Malta .. -10.2 -16.0 32.1 1.6 14.3 2.5 6.9 -7.2 -8.7 25.3 -12.8 0.9 -0.1 9.0 62.3 -2.5 -2.3 5.2 11.8 -6.6 11.0 29.5 24.9
Germany 2.1 -2.6 -6.1 -1.6 -0.4 0.9 7.5 3.6 1.6 -9.5 5.3 7.4 -0.2 -1.3 3.2 1.7 3.8 2.6 3.4 1.9 -2.3 1.2 0.4 22.5
Italy 6.8 2.7 3.9 -0.6 1.6 1.6 2.5 1.5 -3.2 -9.7 -0.2 -1.4 -9.7 -6.4 -2.2 1.8 4.0 3.2 3.1 1.2 -7.9 18.6 9.4 21.8
Portugal 4.1 1.0 -3.4 -7.3 0.2 0.1 -0.8 3.1 0.4 -7.5 -1.1 -12.6 -16.7 -4.8 2.3 5.9 2.5 11.5 6.2 5.4 -2.2 8.7 3.1 20.3
Romania 5.9 10.5 7.3 10.3 9.6 11.5 26.5 51.0 17.8 -33.9 -2.8 8.9 2.6 -5.4 5.4 7.7 -2.2 5.5 0.0 12.6 1.1 1.9 8.0 24.9
Spain 7.5 4.2 4.1 6.5 4.6 7.0 7.2 3.9 -4.3 -17.3 -5.4 -7.6 -7.4 -3.8 4.1 4.9 2.4 6.8 6.3 4.5 -9.7 0.9 4.6 20.1
Sweden 6.5 2.4 -1.4 2.4 5.5 4.9 9.0 8.3 0.4 -12.7 6.2 6.0 -1.1 0.5 6.0 6.9 4.0 5.5 1.4 -0.3 1.7 7.1 6.1 27.2
Slovakia -12.2 13.0 -0.3 -4.4 5.9 16.9 6.8 10.1 3.7 -19.7 8.6 14.1 -10.0 1.2 3.0 21.4 -9.2 2.9 2.8 6.7 -10.9 3.5 5.9 20.4
Slovenia 2.4 2.0 -0.4 5.8 5.5 3.6 10.2 11.9 7.0 -22.1 -13.4 -4.9 -8.5 3.4 -0.1 -1.2 -3.6 10.2 10.2 5.1 -7.9 13.7 7.8 22.0
EU27_2020 4.8 0.9 -1.3 1.3 2.7 3.2 6.1 6.1 -0.3 -11.3 -0.5 2.1 -2.8 -1.9 2.2 5.1 3.3 4.0 3.6 6.5 -5.4 3.9 4.0 22.8
United Kingdom 4.5 1.1 2.8 2.7 2.4 4.3 2.7 4.6 -3.5 -12.7 3.7 0.6 1.5 3.3 6.8 6.3 4.7 3.3 -0.1 0.5 -9.5 5.9 .. ..
Norway -3.3 -0.6 -0.4 0.5 10.1 11.9 9.1 12.3 1.1 -7.0 -6.4 7.5 7.5 6.3 -0.3 -4.0 3.9 2.6 2.2 9.5 -4.1 -0.8 4.3 19.7
Russia
16.6a
10.9a
3.1a
13.9a
12.0a
10.2a
17.9a
21.1a
9.7a
-14.7a
6.4a
9.2a
 7.0 1.9 -3.0 -10.0 0.9 4.4 0.4 1.6 .. .. ..
20.6b
Switzerland 4.8 -1.4 1.1 -0.5 5.5 3.3 4.6 5.0 0.4 -7.0 3.6 2.8 4.8 1.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 3.5 0.8 0.9 -3.1 4.2 -0.8
26.0a
Serbia 4.9 4.5 29.7 21.4 19.0 5.6 15.6 25.5 8.1 -22.5 -6.5 4.7 13.9 -12.0 -3.4 6.2 5.1 6.6 17.5 17.2 -1.9 15.9 -0.6 22.8
Türkiye 21.9 -27.0 17.8 19.4 31.9 19.6 15.4 5.5 -2.7 -20.6 22.0 23.7 2.9 14.2 4.9 9.3 2.2 8.3 -0.2 -12.5 7.4 7.4 2.8 29.6
Israel 3.1 -1.5 -3.8 -4.7 -1.0 4.0 7.5 9.1 4.5 -4.1 9.0 11.7 5.4 3.1 0.5 -0.4 11.2 3.1 7.8 3.3 -3.9 11.7 9.0 23.8
Japan 0.6 -1.3 -4.8 -0.6 0.3 3.0 0.4 -2.2 -3.8 -10.0 -1.3 2.2 2.8 4.1 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.6 0.6 0.5 -3.6 -0.1 ..
25.6c
China 7.1 12.1 13.2 18.5 13.1 12.7 12.5 11.2 10.9 24.3 12.6 8.8 9.0 9.3 6.8 6.7 7.4 6.2 7.3 5.3 3.4 3.5 ..
42.0c
Republic of Korea 14.0 2.2 7.4 5.3 2.8 1.5 4.0 5.1 -0.6 0.4 5.8 1.3 -0.1 2.8 3.1 5.4 6.6 9.8 -2.2 -2.1 3.5 2.8 ..
31.6c
South Africa 3.9 2.8 3.5 10.2 12.9 11.0 12.1 13.8 12.8 -6.7 -3.9 6.8 1.8 5.4 -1.3 1.3 -1.9 -2.0 -1.3 -2.1 -14.6 0.2 4.7 14.1
United States 6.4 -0.4 -1.7 4.2 6.0 6.1 2.7 -0.6 -4.2 -12.5 2.2 4.6 6.9 3.6 5.1 3.7 2.1 3.8 4.7 2.6 -1.2 5.7 ..
21.2c
Canada 5.1 4.8 1.0 5.2 8.4 9.1 6.3 3.2 1.6 -11.3 11.5 4.6 4.9 1.4 2.3 -5.2 -4.7 3.3 2.5 0.8 -2.4 7.4 -1.5 23.1
Mexico 5.2 -7.3 -2.3 1.1 7.1 6.2 9.3 5.8 6.6 -11.7 4.7 7.8 4.9 -3.4 2.9 4.8 0.8 -1.2 0.8 -4.7 -17.7 10.5 ..
20.2c
Australia -7.9 9.1 12.6 8.7 6.1 8.3 4.5 8.8 1.5 1.7 3.6 11.6 2.9 -1.9 -3.7 -3.6 0.0 4.8 -1.3 -2.6 3.8 6.1 ..
22.9c
New Zealand -0.1 8.6 8.0 14.5 8.1 5.7 -1.7 7.8 -7.1 -10.1 3.8 6.0 5.5 9.5 8.1 3.4 2.3 6.8 5.3 2.8 -1.9 10.4 ..
24.9c

Footnotes

*Download date: 23 June 2023.
aEstimated figure.
b2019.
c2021.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); UN database.

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.