Country, group of countries, region 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
volume change (on previous year, per cent) as % of GDP
Austria 5.5 -1.0 -3.2 3.9 1.1 0.4 1.3 4.5 1.8 -7.1 -2.5 6.4 1.3 1.2 -0.3 2.1 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.3 -5.3 6.0 -0.3 -1.3 -4.3 2.5 23.7
Belgium 5.0 1.6 -4.1 -0.1 9.0 5.7 1.9 7.3 1.9 -7.1 -0.1 5.4 0.7 -2.2 5.7 3.1 4.3 1.2 3.0 4.4 -5.1 4.3 2.5 3.0 2.1 0.1 23.9
Bulgaria 16.5 19.8 8.1 12.9 13.8 26.7 13.0 13.1 22.0 -17.7 -17.6 -4.4 1.8 0.5 3.5 2.7 -6.6 3.2 5.4 4.5 0.6 -8.3 6.5 10.2 1.5 11.4 20.1
Cyprus -1.0 0.0 11.4 1.9 5.8 6.5 20.9 7.5 8.4 -13.6 -1.5 -11.7 -19.5 -15.7 -7.4 -1.8 49.5 21.3 -5.3 6.9 6.0 1.9 12.5 15.4 -2.0 0.0 20.0
Czechia 7.3 5.5 1.5 2.2 3.6 5.4 5.2 13.3 1.4 -9.3 0.9 0.8 -3.9 -1.5 2.8 8.8 -2.0 2.9 8.9 7.5 -4.8 6.7 6.3 4.2 -2.7 2.4 26.4
Denmark 8.0 -0.3 -2.4 1.9 3.6 6.1 13.6 0.7 -2.4 -13.3 -6.3 1.0 3.7 1.8 5.1 4.0 8.0 4.4 4.0 -0.8 4.3 12.8 1.8 -3.8 3.0 -3.5 21.9
Estonia 14.2 13.0 23.6 17.7 5.5 15.4 22.8 10.3 -13.1 -37.2 -2.2 35.6 11.9 1.5 -2.7 -3.2 5.1 13.8 10.5 6.2 17.9 3.2 -14.4 2.3 -6.5 3.2 24.2
Finland 6.2 1.8 -3.0 2.8 4.7 3.3 1.4 10.3 0.6 -12.0 4.6 2.6 -0.7 -4.3 -2.3 0.2 9.2 5.0 4.4 -1.0 -1.1 1.8 1.5 -7.1 -5.2 1.4 21.9
France 6.6 2.1 -1.0 2.4 3.6 3.0 4.4 5.5 1.2 -9.2 1.8 2.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.6 2.8 3.7 3.5 4.1 -5.8 9.7 -0.4 1.3 -0.9 0.5 22.2
Greece 4.8 3.9 -2.5 11.8 7.6 -12.0 18.7 11.9 -7.3 -13.3 -22.2 -25.2 -18.8 -9.4 -2.2 0.2 2.6 7.7 -4.6 -0.8 1.7 21.7 22.1 6.5 4.5 8.9 16.9
Netherlands 2.4 1.3 -4.0 -1.7 0.1 3.3 6.9 14.7 -2.9 -8.6 -7.3 5.5 -6.3 -1.6 -2.4 29.1 -9.1 6.0 3.1 7.4 -2.5 2.4 3.4 1.5 1.0 0.6 20.1
Croatia -0.2 4.8 10.5 22.6 4.3 4.9 9.1 5.2 9.3 -15.4 -14.3 -3.9 -5.0 0.0 -3.1 9.2 4.7 1.4 4.4 12.8 -6.3 4.9 10.7 22.7 5.3 6.1 25.7
Ireland 5.1 5.8 5.6 8.0 9.8 16.8 7.2 0.0 -11.6 -16.9 -15.0 0.0 16.3 -4.2 19.1 55.6 39.9 3.7 -9.1 99.7 -16.4 -39.7 5.1 11.4 -25.6 38.4 24.1
Poland 2.4 -10.4 -6.1 1.1 7.9 7.9 15.7 18.4 8.5 -2.3 -4.7 11.0 -2.4 0.0 12.0 6.8 -7.4 1.8 13.7 7.5 -3.0 1.5 1.7 12.7 0.4 4.4 17.1
Latvia 20.6 18.1 -2.4 14.3 27.3 21.4 16.5 22.5 -11.7 -40.0 -18.1 26.5 20.0 -5.8 -3.7 -3.0 -6.3 11.0 11.5 1.3 -2.4 6.8 0.3 5.0 -7.0 9.8 23.5
Lithuania -6.9 12.7 11.1 14.1 15.8 11.5 19.6 22.3 -4.0 -38.9 1.5 21.4 -1.9 8.2 5.6 4.3 3.3 8.9 9.6 6.4 1.7 12.6 4.4 11.3 -1.7 8.0 22.9
Luxembourg -3.2 6.7 0.4 2.1 6.4 -4.7 4.2 12.2 11.0 -13.8 0.6 17.5 1.7 0.7 8.5 -8.2 2.8 5.3 -7.2 13.3 -4.1 14.6 -13.9 -5.1 -2.7 -0.5 15.0
Hungary 6.0 2.7 7.7 1.2 7.9 3.6 0.7 4.6 1.2 -9.1 -9.5 -1.3 -3.0 10.0 12.4 4.8 -10.4 19.7 16.4 12.7 -7.6 5.9 -1.0 -5.9 -8.6 -2.8 21.9
Malta .. -9.9 -16.1 30.6 -0.6 12.0 -5.4 12.7 -1.9 -2.4 15.5 -12.8 15.5 -6.7 4.9 56.1 -5.5 -0.9 8.2 9.5 -3.8 23.7 14.4 -15.8 4.0 0.2 17.8
Germany 2.1 -2.6 -6.1 -1.6 -0.5 0.9 7.5 3.6 1.6 -9.7 5.7 7.4 -0.2 -1.2 3.6 1.8 3.8 2.6 3.6 2.0 -3.0 0.8 -0.1 -2.0 -3.3 -0.2 20.3
Italy 6.9 2.4 3.6 -0.9 1.7 1.7 2.6 1.6 -3.3 -10.4 0.0 -1.5 -9.8 -6.7 -2.2 1.9 3.8 3.3 3.3 1.6 -7.1 21.5 7.4 10.1 -3.1 3.5 21.8
Portugal 4.1 1.0 -3.4 -7.3 0.2 0.1 -0.8 3.1 0.4 -7.5 -1.1 -12.5 -16.7 -4.7 2.2 6.0 2.7 11.6 6.2 5.5 -2.3 7.8 3.3 6.0 4.3 3.8 20.7
Romania 5.9 10.5 7.3 10.3 9.6 11.5 26.5 51.0 17.8 -33.9 -2.8 9.2 2.8 -5.3 5.7 6.5 -2.4 5.7 -1.8 14.9 -0.5 4.0 5.4 12.3 -2.5 3.4 25.6
Spain 7.7 4.2 4.1 6.6 4.6 7.0 7.3 4.0 -4.2 -17.1 -5.1 -7.3 -7.1 -3.5 4.4 5.3 2.0 6.8 6.5 4.9 -8.9 2.6 4.2 5.9 3.6 5.8 20.6
Sweden 5.8 2.5 -0.9 1.1 5.4 3.2 10.1 8.4 0.5 -12.3 6.0 5.7 -1.0 0.0 5.6 6.9 4.9 4.1 1.3 0.1 1.7 6.8 0.2 0.1 -0.6 2.1 24.9
Slovakia -12.2 12.6 -0.5 -4.4 5.7 16.5 6.9 10.1 3.4 -19.3 8.2 13.2 -10.1 1.4 2.8 20.6 -9.2 0.1 3.4 5.0 -9.6 5.1 4.3 4.0 1.6 2.2 20.5
Slovenia 2.4 2.0 -0.4 5.8 5.5 3.6 10.2 11.9 7.0 -22.1 -14.1 -5.1 -8.3 3.6 0.9 -0.6 -3.0 9.5 10.6 4.9 -7.2 11.9 4.7 5.5 -0.3 4.1 21.1
EUa 4.8 0.8 -1.3 1.3 2.9 3.2 6.3 6.0 -0.3 -11.5 -0.6 2.1 -2.9 -2.0 2.3 5.0 3.0 4.0 3.7 6.8 -5.0 4.1 2.1 2.8 -2.2 2.8 21.3
United Kingdom 5.9 2.8 1.3 2.4 2.6 7.7 2.3 5.6 -2.1 -11.6 2.4 -0.2 2.0 4.2 7.3 6.8 6.1 3.9 -0.2 1.8 -9.9 9.3 6.8 0.5 1.8 .. ..
Norway -3.3 -0.3 0.1 0.3 11.9 10.5 10.4 13.4 2.6 -7.5 -6.8 8.3 7.3 6.1 0.5 -3.6 4.9 2.6 2.2 10.4 -3.7 1.5 1.3 -1.8 -1.4 0.8 23.3
Russia
18.0b
10.1b
2.7b
14.0b
12.9b
10.9b
18.1b
20.9b
11.1b
-14.3b
5.8b
7.9b
 5.7 1.9 -6.0 -10.6 1.3 4.7 0.6 1.0 -4.0 9.3 7.4 7.8 6.0 .. ..
Switzerland 4.8 -1.2 1.2 -0.7 5.6 3.3 4.7 5.2 0.6 -6.7 3.9 2.2 4.0 1.4 2.6 2.5 3.0 4.1 1.4 0.8 -0.6 3.6 1.0 2.2 0.5 -0.5 26.0
Serbia 5.5 4.9 29.8 21.5 18.8 5.4 16.7 26.3 7.1 -22.1 -6.2 4.5 13.9 -12.1 -3.5 5.4 5.5 7.6 16.8 16.9 -1.4 14.7 2.2 9.7 7.7
0.8b
22.8b
Türkiye 22.5 -27.2 19.0 20.0 32.2 19.8 15.6 5.9 -2.8 -19.5 19.7 23.6 3.4 14.7 3.5 8.7 3.1 7.5 0.8 -12.1 6.9 7.2 4.4 7.3 2.7 7.0 30.6
Israel 3.3 -1.5 -3.6 -4.3 -1.1 4.2 7.6 9.1 4.2 -2.5 8.2 11.2 5.2 2.2 0.1 -0.1 11.2 3.5 7.6 3.5 -2.5 13.6 11.1 -2.1 -5.5 8.4 23.8
Japan 1.2 -1.5 -4.4 -1.0 0.2 2.9 0.7 -1.1 -3.7 -10.5 -1.6 1.4 3.4 3.5 4.1 2.9 0.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 -3.5 1.0 0.5 1.9 -0.6 .. ..
China 7.1 12.1 13.2 18.5 13.1 12.7 12.5 11.2 10.9 24.3 12.6 8.8 9.0 9.3 6.8 6.7 7.4 6.2 7.3 5.3 3.4 2.4 3.3 4.5 3.0 .. ..
Republic of Korea 14.8 2.5 7.9 5.6 3.3 1.9 4.1 5.0 -0.5 0.9 6.7 1.9 -0.3 2.4 3.6 5.3 6.8 9.9 -2.0 -2.1 2.8 4.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.8 .. ..
South Africa 3.9 2.8 3.5 10.2 12.9 11.0 12.1 13.8 12.8 -6.7 -3.9 6.8 1.8 5.4 -1.3 1.3 -1.9 -2.0 -1.2 -1.7 -14.8 -0.3 5.9 3.0 -3.9 -2.2 13.9
United States 6.4 -0.4 -1.7 4.2 6.0 6.1 2.7 -0.6 -4.2 -12.5 2.3 4.6 6.9 4.1 5.9 4.4 2.9 4.3 5.0 2.9 -0.8 5.6 1.9 3.8 3.5 .. ..
Canada 5.1 4.8 1.0 5.2 8.4 9.1 6.3 3.2 1.6 -11.3 11.5 4.6 4.9 1.4 2.2 -5.2 -4.7 3.3 2.4 0.8 -3.8 8.8 0.0 -1.0 0.7 1.6 22.9
Mexico 4.9 -6.9 -0.6 1.7 6.6 4.9 9.6 7.0 6.5 -11.9 6.2 8.7 3.7 -4.0 2.4 4.4 0.6 -0.5 0.6 -4.4 -17.2 10.5 7.5 13.9 3.5 .. ..
Australia -7.9 9.1 12.6 8.7 6.1 8.3 4.5 8.8 1.5 1.8 3.6 11.6 2.9 -1.9 -3.7 -3.5 0.0 5.0 -1.2 -2.2 4.0 6.9 2.5 3.9 1.6 .. ..
New Zealand 0.0 8.5 7.9 14.5 8.1 5.8 -1.6 7.7 -6.2 -9.8 3.7 5.4 5.9 8.8 8.2 3.4 2.6 6.7 5.2 3.0 -1.2 8.6 3.7 -1.1 -4.9 .. ..

Footnotes

*Download date: 7 July 2026.
aThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
bEstimated figure.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); UN database.

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.