Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
volume change (on previous year, per cent) as % of GDP
Austria 3.1 1.3 0.7 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.5 1.5 2.0 1.1 0.5 -8.0 3.6 4.8 51.0
Belgium 2.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.6 3.0 0.9 1.5 1.7 0.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 -8.3 5.5 4.1 50.6
Bulgaria 9.0 7.7 5.7 6.5 9.5 7.3 8.5 11.5 3.5 -4.3 2.4 2.0 3.7 -3.9 1.4 2.8 2.2 2.5 3.7 6.0 -0.6 8.8 4.8 59.8
Cyprus 8.0 5.5 3.1 4.4 7.2 3.9 3.9 9.7 8.2 -6.5 4.9 -0.9 -2.8 -7.0 0.0 3.1 5.1 4.8 5.1 3.9 -6.8 4.5 7.7 61.3
Czechia 1.5 3.0 3.1 5.1 2.9 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.0 -0.5 1.4 0.4 -1.1 0.9 1.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.5 2.7 -7.2 4.1 -0.9 46.9
Denmark 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.3 4.6 3.7 2.9 1.8 0.5 -3.4 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.9 2.3 2.4 2.3 3.5 1.6 -1.4 4.2 -2.3 42.8
Estonia 7.0 6.9 9.7 9.7 8.1 9.7 12.9 8.4 -4.5 -13.9 -1.3 3.1 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.9 4.5 2.5 4.8 4.6 -1.0 6.4 2.3 50.0
Finland 2.1 2.7 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.5 2.0 -2.9 3.0 2.9 0.4 -0.5 0.6 1.6 2.4 0.8 1.7 0.7 -3.8 3.6 2.1 51.9
France 3.7 2.5 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.6 0.5 0.3 1.9 0.6 -0.4 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.8 -6.7 5.3 2.9 53.9
Greece 2.5 3.6 5.1 4.5 3.6 3.2 2.8 4.1 3.6 -1.7 -6.5 -8.7 -7.6 -3.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 2.5 1.7 1.9 -7.7 5.8 7.8 68.7
Netherlands 3.7 2.0 1.2 -0.1 0.8 0.9 -0.2 1.9 0.9 -1.9 0.1 0.1 -1.1 -1.0 0.4 2.0 1.1 2.1 2.2 0.9 -6.4 3.6 6.5 43.7
Croatia 4.5 5.2 9.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 1.3 5.0 3.0 -8.9 -1.5 1.1 -2.4 -1.6 -2.5 0.4 3.1 3.1 3.3 4.1 -5.1 9.9 5.1 58.2
Ireland 10.4 4.7 3.6 2.8 3.8 7.0 6.4 6.7 0.2 -5.3 0.3 -1.3 -0.7 0.3 2.7 3.1 4.6 2.3 3.7 2.5 -11.9 4.7 6.6 22.8
Poland 2.9 2.0 3.9 1.4 4.3 1.8 4.7 5.6 6.7 3.4 2.9 2.4 0.9 -0.1 3.2 3.8 3.7 6.2 4.6 3.4 -3.4 6.1 3.3 56.8
Latvia 2.1 5.1 6.2 8.1 10.2 10.4 18.4 11.3 -8.3 -15.7 2.1 -0.3 5.6 6.5 0.7 2.1 3.4 3.0 3.0 0.2 -4.6 8.1 8.1 60.7
Lithuania 6.9 4.2 6.0 11.4 10.9 11.6 9.1 12.5 3.9 -17.4 -3.1 4.3 3.1 4.3 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.6 3.6 2.7 -2.4 8.0 0.5 58.5
Luxembourg 5.1 3.3 5.2 2.4 1.2 -0.5 4.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.7 2.4 0.8 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.3 -7.3 9.5 2.8 30.4
Hungary 3.1 4.5 7.9 8.4 2.0 2.9 1.5 1.0 -1.3 -6.7 -1.2 0.9 -2.2 -0.1 2.4 3.8 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 -1.2 4.6 6.4 49.9
Malta .. 2.3 -2.2 5.4 2.8 4.3 2.6 1.6 -0.4 1.1 2.0 3.4 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.3 3.0 5.5 10.0 4.0 -10.6 8.2 9.8 43.3
Germany 1.6 1.2 -1.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.4 1.1 1.9 2.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 -5.7 0.4 4.9 51.2
Italy 2.7 0.6 0.0 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 -1.1 -1.5 1.1 0.1 -3.7 -2.4 0.2 1.8 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.2 -10.4 4.7 4.6 60.3
Portugal 3.7 0.9 1.3 -0.3 2.6 1.6 1.5 2.5 1.4 -2.3 2.4 -3.7 -5.3 -1.0 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.6 3.3 -7.0 4.7 5.8 64.0
Romania 1.5 8.3 7.1 8.4 15.8 11.2 10.2 13.8 8.7 -6.4 -5.0 4.5 1.9 -5.0 4.1 5.9 6.0 11.6 9.4 3.4 -3.9 8.1 5.5 63.4
Spain 4.4 3.9 3.1 2.4 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.4 -0.7 -3.6 0.4 -2.5 -3.3 -2.9 1.7 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.7 1.1 -12.2 6.0 4.4 57.0
Sweden 5.4 0.8 2.3 1.6 2.9 3.2 3.0 4.0 0.4 1.0 4.2 2.0 0.7 1.8 2.9 3.9 2.3 2.6 1.8 0.7 -3.2 6.3 1.9 43.8
Slovakia 2.5 5.3 5.7 0.9 7.3 4.5 6.3 7.9 7.0 -0.2 0.8 -1.9 0.4 -1.2 1.9 2.8 3.9 4.6 4.1 2.7 -1.1 2.6 5.5 61.5
Slovenia -0.1 2.9 2.4 3.5 2.5 2.1 1.3 6.5 2.9 2.1 1.0 0.8 -2.2 -3.9 1.6 2.0 4.4 1.9 3.5 5.3 -6.9 9.5 8.9 55.0
EU27_2020 2.9 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 0.6 -1.1 0.9 0.3 -0.8 -0.6 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.5 -7.1 4.0 4.2 52.3
United Kingdom 4.6 3.4 2.9 3.5 2.9 2.7 0.7 3.1 -0.6 -3.0 2.0 -0.3 1.7 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.6 1.9 2.5 1.1 -13.2 6.2 ..
60.4a
Norway 4.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.3 1.7 0.0 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.8 2.1 2.7 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.0 -6.2 4.4 6.9 32.4
Russia
7.1b
9.3b
8.3b
7.5b
11.9b
11.7b
12.0b
14.2b
10.4b
-5.1b
5.5b
7.2b
 7.5 5.1 -0.3 -7.7 -1.4 3.2 3.6 3.4 -5.1 7.4 ..
50.2a
Switzerland 2.3 2.4 0.4 0.5 1.9 1.3 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.2 -4.1 1.6 4.0 50.4
Serbia 5.1 1.6 9.2 2.7 12.7 2.4 10.5 7.7 4.5 -3.3 -0.6 1.4 -1.7 -1.7 -0.1 -0.6 1.9 2.2 3.1 3.7 -1.9 7.8 3.7 67.6
Türkiye 4.5 -6.7 4.0 8.1 9.6 6.3 3.7 5.3 0.3 -3.7 10.8 12.2 3.1 7.5 3.1 5.3 3.8 5.9 0.6 1.5 3.3 15.3 19.6 57.8
Israel 8.4 4.0 1.6 0.3 5.3 3.4 5.2 7.4 2.1 1.0 4.8 4.2 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.8 6.2 3.6 3.6 4.0 -7.9 11.1 7.7 49.6
Japan 1.5 2.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.8 -1.1 -0.9 2.3 -0.5 2.0 2.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.6 -4.7 0.4 ..
53.5a
China 10.9 7.0 9.1 6.4 7.7 10.2 8.4 11.8 8.0 10.2 9.2 11.9 8.6 7.1 8.3 7.6 8.5 7.3 7.8 6.4 -0.3 9.8 ..
38.4a
Republic of Korea 9.3 5.8 9.0 -0.4 0.4 4.7 4.9 5.3 1.6 0.2 4.4 2.9 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.1 -4.8 3.7 ..
46.1a
South Africa 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.8 6.2 6.1 8.8 6.5 1.2 -2.6 5.7 4.1 3.2 1.6 0.7 2.2 0.7 1.7 2.7 1.2 -5.9 5.6 2.6 63.1
United States 5.0 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.8 3.5 2.9 2.4 0.2 -1.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.7 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.0 -3.0 8.3 ..
68.2a
Canada 4.1 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.0 0.1 3.6 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 3.7 2.6 1.5 -6.1 5.0 4.8 54.3
Mexico 7.1 2.5 1.7 2.2 4.8 2.8 4.1 2.5 0.7 -6.3 3.6 3.4 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.7 3.7 3.2 2.6 0.4 -10.3 7.6 ..
65.3a
Australia 3.3 3.0 4.3 5.3 4.5 3.3 5.3 4.8 0.3 3.5 4.0 2.8 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.7 1.6 -3.0 1.1 3.8 ..
48.8a
New Zealand 1.4 2.7 5.0 6.2 5.3 4.6 2.9 3.8 -0.8 1.5 2.2 3.2 2.3 3.8 3.3 4.2 6.4 4.8 4.6 2.4 -0.4 5.9 ..
57.5a

Footnotes

*Including non-profit institutions serving households. Download date: 16 June 2023.
a2021.
bEstimated figure.
Source: Eurostat (Luxemburg); UN database.

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.