Country, group of countries Unemployed, thousand persons, 2024 Unemployment rate, per cent
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Austria 4,395 4.7 4.0 4.9 4.8 5.9 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.2 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.1 5.6 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.3 4.8 5.2 5.2
Belgium 4,981 6.6 6.2 6.9 7.7 7.4 8.5 8.3 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.4 7.2 7.6 8.5 8.6 8.6 7.9 7.1 6.0 5.4 5.6 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.8
Bulgaria 2,821 16.4 20.0 18.3 13.9 12.2 10.2 9.0 6.9 5.7 6.9 10.3 11.4 12.4 13.0 11.5 9.2 7.7 6.2 5.3 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.2
Cyprus 471 5.1 4.0 3.4 4.2 4.4 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.8 5.5 6.5 8.1 12.1 16.1 16.3 15.2 13.2 11.3 8.6 7.3 7.8 7.4 6.4 6.0 5.0
Czechia 5,010 8.8 8.0 7.1 7.6 8.3 8.0 7.2 5.4 4.4 6.8 7.4 6.8 7.0 7.0 6.2 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.7
Denmark 2,920 4.5 4.2 4.3 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 6.5 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.6 7.1 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.8 5.2 4.5 5.2 6.3
Estonia 654 13.6 13.2 10.2 11.6 10.6 8.2 6.1 4.7 5.6 13.9 17.1 12.6 10.2 8.9 7.5 6.5 7.1 6.0 5.5 4.6 7.2 6.5 5.9 6.6 7.9
Finland 2,504 11.2 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.4 8.5 7.8 6.9 6.4 8.4 8.5 7.9 7.8 8.3 8.8 9.6 9.0 8.8 7.5 6.8 7.9 7.8 6.9 7.3 8.6
France 28,364 10.3 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.9 8.5 8.5 7.7 7.1 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.5 10.0 10.3 10.4 10.1 9.5 9.1 8.5 8.1 7.9 7.4 7.4 7.5
Greece 4,146 11.5 10.6 10.2 9.6 10.5 10.1 9.1 8.5 7.9 9.8 12.9 18.1 24.7 27.7 26.7 25.1 23.7 21.7 19.5 17.5 16.5 14.9 12.6 11.2 10.2
Netherlands 9,413 2.7 2.1 2.6 3.6 4.7 5.9 5.0 4.2 3.7 4.4 5.1 5.0 5.9 7.3 7.5 6.9 6.1 4.9 3.8 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.7
Croatia 1,653 .. .. 15.4 14.3 14.1 13.0 11.5 10.1 8.7 9.4 11.9 14.0 16.4 17.5 17.4 16.4 13.2 11.2 8.4 6.6 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.2 5.1
Ireland 2,636 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 5.1 6.9 12.8 14.8 15.7 15.8 14.0 12.1 10.1 8.6 6.9 5.9 5.1 5.8 6.3 4.6 4.4 4.4
Poland 16,771 16.6 18.7 20.2 19.7 19.4 18.0 14.0 9.7 7.2 8.3 9.7 9.8 10.2 10.5 9.1 7.6 6.2 5.0 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.9 2.9
Latvia 825 14.5 14.1 14.0 12.2 11.9 10.2 7.2 6.2 8.0 18.0 19.8 16.5 15.3 12.1 11.1 10.1 9.9 8.9 7.6 6.5 8.4 7.9 7.1 6.8 7.3
Lithuania 1,385 16.3 17.1 13.2 13.0 10.8 8.4 5.8 4.3 5.9 14.0 18.1 15.7 13.6 12.0 10.9 9.3 8.1 7.3 6.3 6.5 8.8 7.4 6.2 7.1 7.4
Luxembourg 320 2.4 1.8 2.6 3.7 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.1 5.1 5.2 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.9 5.9 6.7 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.8 5.3 4.6 5.2 6.4
Hungary 4,574 6.6 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.9 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.9 10.1 11.3 11.1 11.1 10.2 7.8 6.8 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.4 4.3 4.0 3.6 4.1 4.5
Malta 313 6.4 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.0 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.4 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2
Germany 40,924 8.0 7.8 8.6 9.9 10.8 11.3 10.4 8.8 7.6 7.9 7.1 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.5
Italy 23,150 11.0 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.0 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.8 7.9 8.5 8.5 10.8 12.3 12.9 12.1 11.9 11.4 10.8 10.1 9.4 9.7 8.2 7.8 6.6
Portugal 4,882 4.0 4.1 4.8 6.5 6.7 8.0 8.1 8.5 8.0 10.0 11.4 13.4 16.3 17.1 14.5 12.9 11.5 9.2 7.2 6.7 7.1 6.9 6.3 6.7 6.6
Romania 7,771 7.7 7.3 8.8 7.4 8.1 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.3 4.0 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4
Spain 21,300 13.9 10.4 11.2 11.3 11.1 9.2 8.5 8.3 11.3 18.0 20.0 21.5 24.9 26.2 24.6 22.2 19.7 17.3 15.4 14.2 15.6 15.0 13.1 12.3 11.4
Sweden 5,024 5.5 4.8 5.0 5.6 6.8 7.6 7.1 6.2 6.3 8.5 8.8 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.9 6.5 7.0 8.5 9.1 7.6 7.8 8.5
Slovakia 2,563 19.1 19.4 18.7 17.2 18.6 16.3 13.4 11.2 9.5 12.1 14.4 13.7 14.0 14.3 13.2 11.5 9.7 8.2 6.6 5.8 6.8 6.9 6.2 5.9 5.4
Slovenia 980 7.1 5.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 6.7 6.1 5.0 4.5 6.0 7.4 8.3 9.0 10.3 9.9 9.1 8.1 6.7 5.2 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.6 3.6
EUa 200,750 .. .. 9.7 9.8 10.0 9.7 8.7 7.5 7.3 9.3 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.5 11.0 10.2 9.3 8.3 7.4 6.8 7.2 7.2 6.3 6.1 6.0
United Kingdom 1,483 5.6 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.8 7.8 8.1 8.4 8.5 7.9 6.6 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.7 4.6 5.0 3.8 4.1 4.4
North Macedonia
784b
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 36.3 35.2 34.0 32.3 32.2 31.6 31.2 29.1 28.1 26.3 24.0 22.5 21.0 17.4 16.6 .. .. .. ..
Norway 2,767 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.4 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 4.4 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.3 3.7 4.1
Russia 1,795 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.4 6.6 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.5 5.7 4.8 3.9 3.1 2.4
Switzerland 4,669 2.7 2.5 3.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4 4.2 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.5 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.5
Türkiye 31,471 .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.9 9.1 9.9 12.8 10.9 9.0 8.3 8.9 10.1 10.4 11.1 11.1 11.1 14.0 13.4 12.2 10.7 9.6 8.9
Israel 127 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.9 6.2 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.0
Japan 1,600 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7
Republic of Korea 696 4.2 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.8
United Statesc 6,397 4.0 4.8 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.7 5.9 9.4 9.8 9.1 8.2 7.5 6.3 5.4 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 8.1 5.4 3.7 3.7 4.1
Canada 1,344 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.4 8.6 8.3 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.5 5.9 5.8 9.7 7.5 5.3 5.5 6.5
Mexico 1,593 .. .. 3.1 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.5 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.7
Australia 576 6.4 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.3 6.6 5.2 3.8 3.8 4.0
New Zealand 140 6.2 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.1 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.7 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.5 3.9 4.9

Footnotes

*Download date: 7 October 2025.
aThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
b2020.
cData refer to the population aged 16–64.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); ILOSTAT (ILO, Geneva).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
green number
Revised datum.
.