Year Employed Unemployed Economically active Economically inactive Population of working age Of which: Potential labour reserve Activity rate Unemployment rate Employment rate
thousand persons %
Total
2009 3,831.4 416.6 4,248.0 2,162.5 6,410.6 666.5 66.3 9.8 59.8
2010 3,811.4 468.4 4,279.8 2,110.6 6,390.4 730.4 67.0 10.9 59.6
2011 3,833.0 464.5 4,297.5 2,055.0 6,352.5 753.9 67.6 10.8 60.3
2012 3,886.8 470.3 4,357.2 1,949.3 6,306.5 777.8 69.1 10.8 61.6
2013 3,963.8 438.2 4,401.9 1,856.6 6,258.6 749.8 70.3 10.0 63.3
2014 4,155.1 341.1 4,496.2 1,689.4 6,185.7 606.2 72.7 7.6 67.2
2015 4,275.8 306.4 4,582.1 1,677.9 6,260.1 523.3 73.2 6.7 68.3
2016 4,403.7 232.7 4,636.4 1,577.6 6,214.0 410.5 74.6 5.0 70.9
2017 4,489.3 190.6 4,679.9 1,601.6 6,281.5 348.6 74.5 4.1 71.5
2018 4,527.7 171.0 4,698.7 1,517.0 6,215.7 306.2 75.6 3.6 72.8
2019 4,568.5 157.9 4,726.3 1,600.8 6,327.1 292.1 74.7 3.3 72.2
2020 4,518.6 196.1 4,714.7 1,565.6 6,280.3 371.4 75.1 4.2 71.9
2021 4,535.4 192.6 4,728.0 1,478.8 6,206.7
346.6a
76.2 4.1 73.1
2022 4,609.1 174.0 4,783.1 1,501.2 6,284.3 279.9 76.1 3.6 73.3
2023 4,626.2 199.9 4,826.2 1,444.8 6,271.0 293.6 77.0 4.1 73.8
Male
2009 1,988.6 231.7 2,220.3 933.8 3,154.1 355.2 70.4 10.4 63.0
2010 1,959.3 261.5 2,220.8 924.7 3,145.5 389.2 70.6 11.8 62.3
2011 1,982.0 251.1 2,233.1 893.0 3,126.1 395.1 71.4 11.2 63.4
2012 2,009.9 260.8 2,270.7 848.5 3,119.2 405.5 72.8 11.5 64.4
2013 2,066.1 238.5 2,304.6 792.1 3,096.7 388.2 74.4 10.3 66.7
2014 2,181.3 180.6 2,361.9 706.0 3,067.9 308.9 77.0 7.6 71.1
2015 2,251.8 161.0 2,412.8 694.2 3,107.0 267.7 77.7 6.7 72.5
2016 2,314.5 126.8 2,441.3 643.9 3,085.2 211.1 79.1 5.2 75.0
2017 2,382.8 95.4 2,478.2 642.6 3,120.8 168.5 79.4 3.9 76.4
2018 2,401.6 87.9 2,489.5 602.9 3,092.5 150.0 80.5 3.5 77.7
2019 2,435.9 85.4 2,521.2 628.5 3,149.7 147.6 80.0 3.4 77.3
2020 2,416.0 103.5 2,519.5 615.4 3,134.9 182.8 80.4 4.1 77.1
2021 2,417.1 98.5 2,515.6 585.4 3,101.0
169.8a
81.1 3.9 77.9
2022 2,444.9 95.5 2,540.4 593.8 3,134.2 146.1 81.1 3.8 78.0
2023 2,448.4 105.8 2,554.2 577.7 3,131.9 148.0 81.6 4.1 78.2
Female
2009 1,842.8 184.9 2,027.7 1,228.8 3,256.5 311.3 62.3 9.1 56.6
2010 1,852.1 206.9 2,059.0 1,185.9 3,244.9 341.2 63.5 10.0 57.1
2011 1,850.9 213.4 2,064.3 1,162.1 3,226.4 358.8 64.0 10.3 57.4
2012 1,876.9 209.5 2,086.5 1,100.9 3,187.3 372.3 65.5 10.0 58.9
2013 1,897.7 199.7 2,097.3 1,064.5 3,161.8 361.6 66.3 9.5 60.0
2014 1,973.8 160.5 2,134.3 983.5 3,117.8 297.3 68.5 7.5 63.3
2015 2,024.0 145.3 2,169.3 983.7 3,153.1 255.5 68.8 6.7 64.2
2016 2,089.2 105.9 2,195.1 933.7 3,128.8 199.4 70.2 4.8 66.8
2017 2,106.5 95.2 2,201.7 959.0 3,160.6 180.1 69.7 4.3 66.6
2018 2,126.1 83.1 2,209.2 914.1 3,123.3 156.2 70.7 3.8 68.1
2019 2,132.6 72.5 2,205.1 972.3 3,177.4 144.5 69.4 3.3 67.1
2020 2,102.6 92.6 2,195.2 950.2 3,145.4 188.6 69.8 4.2 66.8
2021 2,118.3 94.1 2,212.4 893.3 3,105.7
176.8a
71.2 4.3 68.2
2022 2,164.2 78.5 2,242.7 907.4 3,150.1 133.8 71.2 3.5 68.7
2023 2,177.8 94.2 2,272.0 867.1 3,139.1 145.6 72.4 4.1 69.4

Footnotes

*Working age: in 2009–2014 males: 15–61 years, females: 15–61 years, in 2015–2016 males: 15–62 years, females: 15–62 years, in 2017–2018 males: 15–63 years, females: 15–63 years, in 2019–2021 males: 15–64 years, females: 15–64 years. in 2022 males: 15–65 years, females: 15–65 years. Source: Labour Force Survey, HCSO.
aFrom 2021, the potential labor reserve determin according to the Eurostat methodology.
.