Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Austria 9.2 3.3 0.8 1.9 6.2 4.3 7.7 5.8 1.3 -11.3 6.7 6.6 0.2 0.5 0.9 2.1 2.2 5.9 4.8 0.0 -5.9 11.2 6.9
Belgium .. 4.2 0.7 1.5 6.3 3.8 6.3 7.7 3.7 -11.0 9.1 4.8 -1.8 0.0 1.3 -1.2 4.5 2.9 1.1 4.9 -3.8 16.8 -0.7
Bulgaria .. 2.2 4.6 13.2 12.3 7.3 6.1 9.5 0.6 -18.2 2.0 5.8 -0.5 0.1 1.9 2.8 2.5 4.0 0.4 0.6 -6.2 10.1 12.8
Cyprus .. 5.2 2.0 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.3 4.9 4.6 -9.2 -2.0 -7.8 -9.9 -13.0 -0.4 4.8 9.1 8.7 7.3 4.4 -7.3 6.4 1.1
Czechia .. 6.9 1.8 3.7 9.3 3.1 7.8 10.0 -2.4 -12.9 8.5 5.6 -0.9 0.1 5.2 4.5 3.1 6.7 3.1 -0.4 -7.2 6.6 2.5
Denmark .. 2.6 1.6 -0.2 -2.0 3.1 3.6 -3.3 -2.7 -14.1 1.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 3.7 2.3 2.4 2.7 -5.9 8.2 15.1
Estonia .. 9.0 8.5 11.5 9.3 11.1 10.0 6.5 -5.0 -23.7 22.8 19.8 1.2 4.5 4.3 -0.2 3.0 4.2 4.8 7.1 -2.8 12.8 -2.3
Finland 8.6 -0.2 1.5 0.0 5.0 -0.6 10.0 4.5 1.0 -17.8 5.6 1.8 -2.2 -3.1 -1.8 -0.9 4.1 3.4 3.4 1.5 -3.2 4.2 4.0
France 4.7 1.2 -1.1 -0.9 1.8 0.4 1.2 1.2 -2.8 -12.6 4.3 2.8 -2.4 -0.6 -1.1 1.4 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.6 -10.9 5.8 -0.2
Greece .. -3.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 -1.6 0.8 2.3 -4.2 -9.7 -6.1 -5.8 -2.1 -3.3 -2.0 1.0 2.6 4.2 1.8 -0.7 -2.1 10.3 2.6
Netherlands .. 1.2 1.0 -1.5 4.7 0.5 2.0 4.3 0.6 -7.7 7.7 -0.7 -0.6 0.6 -2.8 -3.5 1.3 1.4 0.6 -0.9 -3.9 5.0 2.6
Croatia 2.0 6.1 5.0 3.2 2.4 5.0 4.2 5.2 0.7 -8.9 -1.6 -1.2 -5.4 -1.5 1.1 2.6 4.8 1.8 -0.7 0.6 -3.4 6.3 1.6
Ireland 14.6 10.9 8.1 5.8 1.3 4.0 2.9 5.2 -2.1 -4.4 8.2 -0.5 -1.4 -2.3 21.1 35.9 5.0 -2.6 -4.9 7.0 14.5 28.4 18.9
Poland .. 0.6 1.7 8.4 12.1 5.1 12.4 9.4 2.1 -4.0 11.1 7.3 1.1 2.7 3.1 4.5 3.1 6.9 5.8 4.3 -2.1 14.9 11.0
Latvia .. 10.7 7.2 8.0 6.5 7.5 6.5 1.3 -3.2 -17.9 14.3 8.9 6.2 -0.3 -0.9 3.4 4.6 8.8 2.0 0.8 -1.7 6.4 0.8
Lithuania -0.4 12.7 5.5 14.9 10.6 7.8 5.6 2.9 3.4 -14.1 6.1 6.8 3.9 3.1 0.1 4.2 2.7 6.8 6.0 2.9 -1.9 20.3 9.3
Luxembourg .. 5.0 4.9 5.3 4.9 2.8 2.4 -0.3 -5.3 -16.0 8.7 1.8 -5.0 -3.0 4.4 1.1 -0.4 3.8 -1.2 -3.1 -10.8 8.4 -1.4
Hungary .. 4.1 3.1 6.5 7.0 7.0 10.6 8.2 -0.8 -17.8 10.6 5.5 -1.3 1.4 7.2 7.1 0.7 5.3 3.9 5.6 -7.1 9.9 6.1
Malta .. -6.6 0.4 4.7 -0.7 -5.5 7.4 7.2 -4.4 -14.2 8.7 -0.1 5.4 -5.2 -5.7 -0.2 -7.3 8.7 1.5 1.1 -0.3 0.1 2.8
Germany 5.6 0.2 -1.1 0.6 3.0 3.4 5.7 6.0 0.0 -16.4 11.1 7.1 -0.3 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 3.1 1.0 -3.2 -9.6 4.6 -0.3
Italy 4.2 -1.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.7 3.6 1.7 -3.4 -18.8 6.8 1.2 -6.4 -3.0 -0.7 1.1 1.9 3.6 0.9 -1.1 -11.5 12.2 0.4
Portugal .. 1.7 0.4 -1.1 -4.2 5.4 -0.7 -1.5 -5.5 -10.6 1.4 -1.3 -6.0 0.8 1.7 2.0 2.4 3.6 0.1 -2.2 -7.3 3.4 0.0
Romania .. 4.3 0.2 -0.9 1.6 -0.9 9.8 10.1 2.8 -5.6 4.9 7.9 3.0 7.7 6.3 2.6 3.1 8.6 4.3 -3.2 -9.3 6.7 -1.7
Spain 4.4 -1.4 0.0 1.3 1.6 0.9 3.9 1.8 -7.5 -15.8 0.8 -1.7 -6.8 -1.7 1.3 3.4 1.7 3.2 0.4 0.6 -9.8 7.5 3.0
Sweden .. -0.5 0.2 1.6 4.5 2.2 3.6 4.0 -3.0 -17.4 8.7 2.4 -1.2 -4.7 -1.5 2.8 1.6 4.8 2.6 2.4 -4.9 7.0 2.0
Slovakia .. 3.4 7.1 15.4 3.6 -0.7 15.8 16.7 13.7 -13.8 12.5 6.2 3.2 1.7 2.9 8.6 3.6 4.1 5.9 0.9 -8.5 10.2 -4.0
Slovenia 6.7 3.4 2.1 0.8 3.7 4.7 6.3 7.4 1.4 -17.5 7.3 1.7 -1.2 -1.0 2.3 5.6 6.6 7.7 5.1 3.1 -5.3 10.3 1.2
EU27_2020
5.4a
 0.7 -0.1 0.6 2.6 2.0 4.4 4.0 -1.7 -14.3 7.2 3.6 -2.0 -0.6 1.2 2.7 1.8 3.2 1.2 -0.2 -7.3 9.1 3.1
United Kingdom 1.9 -1.6 -1.3 -0.7 0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.1 -2.8 -8.5 3.6 0.1 -2.7 -0.8 1.3 0.4 1.6 2.3 0.8 -1.1 .. .. ..
North Macedonia .. -3.1 -5.2 4.7 -2.2 7.1 5.8 3.9 5.1 -8.6 -4.9 7.0 -2.8 3.3 4.7 4.9 3.4 0.2 5.4 3.7 -9.5 1.5 -0.3
Norway 3.1 -0.4 -0.2 -1.8 -1.2 -0.3 -2.1 -1.3 0.2 -3.5 -5.3 -4.5 2.7 -5.0 3.5 0.6 -1.5 2.0 1.2 -4.9 3.9 3.4 2.6
Russia 8.7 2.9 3.2 9.5 8.0 5.2 6.4 6.9 0.7 -10.7 7.2 5.1 3.4 1.7 2.5 5.3 1.9 3.7 3.5 3.4 -2.1 5.3 ..
Switzerland 8.4 -0.7 -5.1 0.4 4.0 0.2 7.4 9.2 -0.2 -6.7 7.0 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 -1.4 0.3 5.4 5.9 4.4 -3.2 9.1 5.7
Serbia .. 0.5 1.5 -2.9 6.1 1.1 4.4 4.0 1.1 -12.6 1.2 2.5 -2.5 6.1 -7.5 7.3 5.0 4.2 1.3 0.4 -0.2 6.8 1.8
Türkiye 6.3 -8.4 9.0 8.9 9.2 14.4 7.4 8.4 -0.9 -10.8 13.7 14.8 4.1 7.2 5.7 5.8 3.4 9.0 1.3 -0.5 1.6 17.5 5.7
India 6.0 2.7 4.9 6.6 10.8 5.9 10.9 15.6 7.7 0.2 9.7 4.8 -0.2 1.6 4.5 2.5 5.2 3.5 5.2 0.7 -11.0 12.7 4.6
Israel 10.0 -5.0 -1.9 -0.3 6.9 5.1 9.1 5.5 6.9 -5.8 8.0 2.2 4.7 -1.0 0.6 2.4 -0.3 1.8 2.5 3.9 2.5 3.6 10.8
Japan 5.4 -6.3 -1.1 3.4 4.7 1.4 4.3 2.8 -3.2 -21.0 15.0 -2.9 0.7 -0.9 1.7 -1.3 0.1 2.8 1.0 -2.6 -10.0 5.2 0.0
Republic of Korea 16.9 0.6 8.0 5.5 10.4 6.3 8.4 6.9 3.4 -0.1 16.3 6.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 -0.3 2.2 2.5 1.5 0.3 -0.3 8.2 1.4
Brazil 6.6 1.6 2.8 0.3 8.4 2.8 2.7 6.0 3.1 -7.1 10.2 0.4 -2.3 2.1 -3.0 -8.3 -6.4 2.5 1.0 -1.1 -4.5 3.9 -0.7
United States 3.9 -3.0 0.3 1.3 2.7 3.4 2.3 2.6 -3.5 -11.4 5.5 3.1 3.1 2.0 3.0 -1.4 -2.2 1.3 3.2 -0.7 -7.2 4.4 3.4
Canada 7.0 -3.1 1.9 0.1 2.2 2.3 -0.2 -1.4 -3.3 -10.8 6.0 4.8 -0.1 1.7 5.0 -0.5 -0.1 3.7 3.4 -0.1 -7.7 4.9 3.9
Mexicob 3.8 -2.5 -0.9 1.6 3.9 2.6 4.4 1.4 -0.6 -6.1 4.6 3.5 2.8 -0.4 2.7 1.0 -0.1
-0.5c
 .. .. .. .. ..
Australia 6.3 1.5 2.5 -0.3 1.1 2.3 2.2 4.0 3.3 0.0 4.6 1.2 4.6 4.0 6.3 3.3 2.7 1.5 4.3 2.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.8
New Zealand 3.5 -0.2 5.7 3.3 3.6 0.3 -1.0 4.3 -1.8 -6.0 3.7 -2.9 0.6 0.5 3.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.1 -4.2 2.9 -4.0

Footnotes

*Download date: 13 December 2023.
aEurostat estimate.
bIncluding construction.
cEstimated figure.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); Main Economic Indicators database (OECD, Paris).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.