Country, group of countries |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
Austria |
4.6 |
-1.9 |
3.4 |
-0.1 |
-5.3 |
-1.8 |
10.8 |
0.1 |
6.4 |
-6.6 |
4.4 |
8.4 |
0.1 |
-7.0 |
0.6 |
-9.3 |
2.5 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
-10.6 |
-10.6 |
Belgium |
.. |
2.9 |
18.6 |
-2.8 |
0.3 |
13.9 |
7.6 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
-20.4 |
12.5 |
3.6 |
-6.1 |
-4.9 |
-0.8 |
20.2 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
-0.4 |
-3.8 |
-4.0 |
Bulgaria |
.. |
-9.2 |
-0.4 |
6.2 |
17.4 |
-1.0 |
0.8 |
-8.0 |
-5.5 |
-14.9 |
1.3 |
8.2 |
-2.3 |
-6.3 |
-1.0 |
0.4 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
-5.9 |
5.1 |
-1.5 |
Cyprus |
.. |
-3.9 |
11.5 |
4.7 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
-0.9 |
7.7 |
8.7 |
-18.5 |
9.3 |
-7.6 |
-33.9 |
-34.7 |
-9.8 |
1.0 |
34.7 |
18.0 |
11.7 |
2.4 |
-5.9 |
Czechia |
.. |
1.6 |
-3.4 |
1.3 |
-1.0 |
-4.7 |
-0.1 |
-2.3 |
-3.4 |
-6.0 |
-0.5 |
1.3 |
-4.0 |
-10.5 |
-2.6 |
-2.4 |
-6.8 |
-1.8 |
-0.8 |
-6.4 |
-16.6 |
Denmark |
.. |
-1.1 |
5.9 |
-1.8 |
5.2 |
4.8 |
-6.9 |
-9.7 |
-3.3 |
-8.8 |
-4.7 |
-7.9 |
-6.2 |
-16.9 |
-10.5 |
-2.4 |
-4.7 |
-3.3 |
-13.6 |
-10.8 |
-32.3 |
Estonia |
.. |
3.3 |
15.5 |
5.5 |
-8.9 |
11.1 |
9.2 |
10.6 |
-7.9 |
-10.4 |
13.2 |
8.5 |
-4.2 |
10.9 |
-3.8 |
-5.0 |
-10.9 |
29.3 |
5.8 |
-11.6 |
-13.3 |
Finland |
-20.2 |
27.2 |
17.0 |
-4.5 |
-21.6 |
21.6 |
27.8 |
-22.0 |
2.2 |
-11.5 |
3.8 |
6.4 |
-7.4 |
4.4 |
-2.0 |
-19.2 |
18.6 |
6.6 |
15.4 |
-10.2 |
-4.6 |
France |
5.1 |
-0.5 |
-3.9 |
-1.0 |
-0.4 |
-1.4 |
3.3 |
2.0 |
-2.9 |
-12.8 |
-1.2 |
0.9 |
-4.7 |
-3.4 |
-4.3 |
4.3 |
-0.6 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
-0.5 |
-11.4 |
Greece |
.. |
2.0 |
10.3 |
-3.7 |
-0.3 |
-7.4 |
-2.9 |
-0.3 |
-4.5 |
-11.8 |
-6.5 |
-2.0 |
-0.9 |
-11.5 |
-0.3 |
-6.5 |
-5.7 |
9.8 |
0.1 |
-6.6 |
-4.2 |
Netherlands |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11.6 |
-8.1 |
-0.6 |
6.8 |
-16.5 |
-19.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-13.4 |
-18.9 |
Croatia |
1.8 |
2.1 |
17.0 |
2.3 |
-3.2 |
-3.0 |
10.3 |
2.9 |
-1.8 |
-10.7 |
-9.2 |
-4.9 |
-15.4 |
-2.7 |
-6.4 |
4.9 |
-1.8 |
-2.5 |
-9.9 |
-5.9 |
-8.9 |
Ireland |
23.1 |
2.0 |
-3.1 |
24.0 |
-0.4 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
-3.0 |
-6.5 |
-12.9 |
-6.7 |
-15.1 |
-10.7 |
43.7 |
4.7 |
-21.1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Poland |
.. |
-5.1 |
-2.9 |
-2.1 |
2.4 |
-2.3 |
1.1 |
-3.1 |
0.5 |
-13.3 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
-2.8 |
3.2 |
-5.7 |
0.4 |
-4.9 |
-6.1 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
-7.9 |
Latvia |
.. |
1.5 |
10.1 |
5.9 |
10.3 |
18.6 |
9.8 |
12.9 |
-1.9 |
-18.7 |
12.8 |
8.1 |
0.8 |
3.6 |
3.0 |
6.2 |
0.0 |
18.3 |
4.3 |
-5.0 |
8.8 |
Lithuania |
8.1 |
28.7 |
-2.5 |
9.8 |
-6.7 |
-8.8 |
1.4 |
2.2 |
-7.0 |
-38.3 |
11.6 |
11.3 |
-3.3 |
14.0 |
8.3 |
-14.1 |
6.1 |
28.1 |
-9.1 |
1.9 |
6.2 |
Luxembourg |
.. |
0.6 |
-9.5 |
-10.8 |
0.1 |
-2.6 |
-20.4 |
2.2 |
-1.5 |
-11.3 |
-23.2 |
9.0 |
0.0 |
-8.1 |
-0.3 |
3.4 |
-13.2 |
-21.0 |
-4.7 |
-3.1 |
2.7 |
Hungary |
.. |
15.6 |
-9.5 |
-1.9 |
7.9 |
-3.6 |
16.4 |
-17.2 |
35.1 |
-10.7 |
-22.4 |
10.1 |
8.5 |
-6.9 |
-0.3 |
-14.2 |
-18.9 |
25.0 |
55.0 |
19.8 |
-31.0 |
Malta |
.. |
8.7 |
5.9 |
19.0 |
-14.1 |
10.9 |
-14.3 |
28.1 |
-39.9 |
-3.5 |
-23.4 |
-10.0 |
29.5 |
6.1 |
-21.9 |
-2.7 |
11.8 |
-7.0 |
23.6 |
8.3 |
-14.2 |
Germany |
-7.2 |
-6.7 |
-1.6 |
-0.8 |
-3.2 |
-1.6 |
-4.1 |
30.1 |
-11.6 |
-15.6 |
-8.2 |
0.3 |
-5.8 |
-11.4 |
-1.4 |
-5.3 |
-5.8 |
1.0 |
-6.5 |
-13.4 |
-6.2 |
Italy |
-8.5 |
-8.0 |
16.8 |
2.1 |
-2.5 |
8.0 |
-1.6 |
-6.6 |
-7.9 |
-12.3 |
-1.6 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
-8.6 |
-2.1 |
-4.6 |
-8.7 |
-0.4 |
-0.9 |
-4.7 |
-8.1 |
Portugal |
.. |
4.9 |
-4.9 |
-4.4 |
10.4 |
14.6 |
-9.3 |
6.7 |
0.2 |
-18.6 |
-5.9 |
-6.2 |
-23.9 |
-17.6 |
-10.6 |
1.0 |
-0.7 |
-3.8 |
15.3 |
4.9 |
-4.2 |
Romania |
.. |
3.7 |
-7.1 |
-0.3 |
0.6 |
-1.9 |
2.5 |
-1.6 |
0.3 |
-12.2 |
-7.0 |
3.4 |
10.3 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
-12.6 |
-11.4 |
9.9 |
-0.2 |
-2.8 |
-9.6 |
Spain |
4.1 |
-0.2 |
-4.1 |
-0.2 |
-4.9 |
-3.4 |
3.2 |
0.2 |
-14.0 |
-24.0 |
4.3 |
-18.4 |
-23.6 |
-14.4 |
-0.3 |
-8.2 |
-8.0 |
5.2 |
-6.1 |
1.3 |
-7.8 |
Sweden |
.. |
-1.9 |
1.7 |
-0.6 |
8.2 |
5.1 |
1.5 |
6.8 |
0.3 |
-4.6 |
29.4 |
4.8 |
-1.5 |
-2.5 |
3.6 |
-1.4 |
13.5 |
6.3 |
-4.2 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
Slovakia |
.. |
-6.4 |
9.5 |
-8.4 |
7.3 |
-14.4 |
-3.3 |
15.3 |
-14.4 |
4.4 |
-0.3 |
0.2 |
-3.0 |
-1.1 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
-3.7 |
-5.8 |
-9.7 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
Slovenia |
-4.0 |
-6.9 |
7.2 |
4.7 |
-12.5 |
4.0 |
7.8 |
5.5 |
4.1 |
-3.0 |
13.7 |
-7.1 |
-5.9 |
-0.5 |
-3.7 |
-0.7 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
-0.3 |
-4.8 |
-3.4 |
EU27_2020 |
.. |
-0.6 |
1.7 |
-2.4 |
3.3 |
-3.6 |
-1.4 |
1.6 |
-2.4 |
-12.0 |
1.3 |
-2.6 |
-3.7 |
-3.5 |
-6.4 |
-8.3 |
-5.3 |
-2.3 |
-4.6 |
-5.7 |
-10.8 |
United Kingdom |
-3.5 |
-5.1 |
-0.6 |
-5.3 |
-7.4 |
-7.9 |
-5.7 |
-3.2 |
-5.9 |
-9.3 |
7.0 |
-13.6 |
-12.1 |
-5.5 |
-0.7 |
2.2 |
-2.3 |
0.7 |
5.3 |
-1.5 |
.. |
North Macedonia |
.. |
-1.8 |
-24.5 |
-39.1 |
-5.0 |
40.5 |
11.2 |
9.9 |
9.4 |
-12.4 |
-3.8 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
3.4 |
-1.9 |
-1.4 |
-7.8 |
-1.7 |
-1.4 |
-1.9 |
-6.3 |
Norway |
5.6 |
3.1 |
-1.7 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-3.2 |
-4.5 |
-4.6 |
-0.7 |
-3.0 |
-8.4 |
-8.1 |
0.0 |
-3.9 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
-0.6 |
-0.2 |
-3.4 |
-6.7 |
9.6 |
Russia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
3.8 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Switzerland |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
0.8 |
2.2 |
-1.6 |
-0.7 |
0.4 |
5.9 |
-4.8 |
-3.0 |
-1.8 |
Serbia |
.. |
-12.3 |
1.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
0.2 |
4.8 |
-3.4 |
3.9 |
9.8 |
-0.4 |
5.8 |
-15.8 |
12.1 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
-4.8 |
1.1 |
2.2 |
Turkey |
-2.6 |
-8.3 |
-8.3 |
-3.4 |
3.9 |
10.0 |
9.8 |
11.8 |
6.7 |
0.6 |
-2.5 |
14.5 |
1.7 |
0.7 |
-2.9 |
1.5 |
-0.5 |
11.1 |
3.2 |
1.5 |
-1.7 |
India |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
5.3 |
-2.0 |
-2.3 |
-0.7 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Israel |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
85.6 |
-2.9 |
-8.4 |
32.2 |
10.5 |
-0.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Japan |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-3.9 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
-4.4 |
-2.3 |
-4.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Republic of Korea |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-7.2 |
4.5 |
-4.5 |
4.0 |
-7.9 |
0.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
South Africa |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
4.9 |
-0.9 |
-3.2 |
3.6 |
-1.4 |
3.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Brazil |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
13.5 |
2.2 |
-0.5 |
-3.6 |
6.8 |
3.6 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
United States |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
5.2 |
5.6 |
7.4 |
6.5 |
11.0 |
-1.7 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Canada |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
6.2 |
7.2 |
-2.1 |
3.3 |
6.0 |
-2.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Mexico |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
0.9 |
-0.4 |
0.9 |
-0.1 |
-1.5 |
-5.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Australia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
7.9 |
2.2 |
7.5 |
8.8 |
9.5 |
6.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); Monthly Bulletin of Statistics database (UN, New York).
.