Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Austria 8.01 8.04 8.08 8.12 8.17 8.23 8.27 8.30 8.32 8.34 8.36 8.39 8.43 8.48 8.55 8.64 8.74 8.80 8.84 8.88 8.92 8.96 9.04
Belgium 10.25 10.29 10.33 10.38 10.42 10.48 10.55 10.63 10.71 10.80 10.90 11.04 11.11 11.16 11.21 11.27 11.33 11.38 11.43 11.49 11.54 11.59 11.69
Bulgaria 8.17 8.01 7.84 7.78 7.72 7.66 7.60 7.55 7.49 7.44 7.40 7.35 7.31 7.27 7.22 7.18 7.13 7.08 7.03 6.98 6.93 6.88 6.47
Cyprus 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91
Czechia 10.26 10.22 10.20 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.24 10.30 10.38 10.44 10.47 10.50 10.51 10.51 10.53 10.55 10.57 10.59 10.63 10.67 10.70 10.51 10.67
Denmark 5.34 5.36 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.42 5.44 5.46 5.49 5.52 5.55 5.57 5.59 5.61 5.64 5.68 5.73 5.76 5.79 5.81 5.83 5.86 5.90
Estonia 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.31 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.35
Finland 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.23 5.25 5.27 5.29 5.31 5.34 5.36 5.39 5.41 5.44 5.46 5.48 5.50 5.51 5.52 5.52 5.53 5.54 5.56
Francea 60.76 61.20 61.64 62.08 62.53 63.00 63.44 63.83 64.18 64.50 64.82 65.13 65.44 65.77 66.31 66.55 66.72 66.92 67.16 67.39 67.57 67.76 67.97
Greece 10.81 10.86 10.90 10.93 10.96 10.99 11.02 11.05 11.08 11.11 11.12 11.10 11.05 10.97 10.89 10.82 10.78 10.75 10.73 10.72 10.70 10.57
10.43b
Netherlands 15.93 16.05 16.15 16.23 16.28 16.32 16.35 16.38 16.45 16.53 16.62 16.69 16.75 16.80 16.87 16.94 17.03 17.13 17.23 17.34 17.44 17.53 17.70
Croatia
4.47b
 4.30 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.31 4.30 4.28 4.27 4.25 4.24 4.21 4.17 4.13 4.09 4.07 4.05 3.95 3.86
Ireland 3.81 3.87 3.93 4.00 4.07 4.16 4.27 4.40 4.49 4.54 4.56 4.58 4.60 4.62 4.66 4.70 4.76 4.81
4.87b
4.93b
 4.99 5.03 5.13
Poland 38.26 38.25 38.23 38.20 38.18 38.17 38.14 38.12 38.13 38.15 38.04 38.06 38.06 38.04 38.01 37.99 37.97 37.97
37.97b
37.97b
37.90b
37.75b
 36.82
Latvia 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.26 2.24 2.22 2.20 2.18 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.88 1.88
Lithuania 3.50 3.47 3.44 3.42 3.38 3.32 3.27 3.23 3.20 3.16 3.10 3.03 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.90 2.87 2.83 2.80 2.79 2.79 2.80 2.83
Luxembourg 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65
Hungary 10.21 10.19 10.16 10.13 10.11 10.09 10.07 10.06 10.04 10.02 10.00 9.97 9.92 9.89 9.87 9.84 9.81 9.79 9.78 9.77 9.75 9.71 9.64
Malta 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.53
Germany 82.21 82.35 82.49 82.53 82.52 82.47 82.38 82.27 82.11 81.90 81.78 80.27 80.43 80.65 80.98 81.69 82.35 82.66 82.91 83.09 83.16 83.20 83.80
Italy 56.94 56.97 57.06 57.31 57.69 57.97 58.14 58.44 58.83 59.10 59.28 59.38 59.54 60.23 60.79 60.73 60.63 60.54 60.42 59.73 59.44 59.13 58.94
Portugal 10.29 10.36 10.42 10.46 10.48 10.50 10.52 10.54 10.56 10.57 10.57 10.56 10.51 10.46 10.40 10.36 10.33 10.30 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.36 10.41
Romania 22.44 22.13 21.73 21.57 21.45 21.32 21.19 20.88 20.54 20.37 20.25 20.15 20.06 19.98 19.91 19.82 19.70 19.59 19.47
19.37b
19.27b
19.12b
19.05b
Spain 40.57 40.85 41.43 42.19 42.92 43.65 44.40 45.23 45.95 46.36 46.58 46.74 46.77 46.62 46.48 46.44 46.48 46.59 46.80 47.13 47.37 47.42 47.78
Sweden 8.87 8.90 8.92 8.96 8.99 9.03 9.08 9.15 9.22 9.30 9.38 9.45 9.52 9.60 9.70 9.80 9.92 10.06 10.18 10.28 10.35 10.42 10.49
Slovakia 5.39 5.38 5.38 5.37 5.37 5.37 5.37 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.41 5.42 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 5.45 5.46 5.45 5.43
Slovenia 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.11
EU27_2020 428.93 429.48 430.46 431.98 433.59 435.12 436.52 437.98 439.39 440.43 441.04 440.26 440.91 441.96 443.27 444.23 445.17 445.87
446.66b
447.02b
447.35b
446.90b
447.03b
United Kingdom 58.89 59.12 59.37 59.65 59.99 60.40 60.85 61.32 61.81 62.28 62.77 63.26 63.70 64.13 64.60 65.12 65.61 66.06 66.46 66.84 67.08 67.03 66.97
Iceland 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
North Macedonia 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.08 2.08 2.07 1.95 1.83
Montenegro 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
Norway 4.49 4.51 4.54 4.56 4.59 4.62 4.66 4.71 4.77 4.83 4.89 4.95 5.02 5.08 5.14 5.19 5.23 5.28 5.31 5.35 5.38 5.41 5.46
Russia 146.60 145.98 145.31 144.65 144.07 143.52 143.05 142.81 142.74 142.79 142.85 142.96 143.20 143.51 143.82 144.10 144.34 144.50 144.48 144.41 144.07 143.45 143.56
Switzerland 7.18 7.23 7.28 7.34 7.39 7.44 7.48 7.55 7.65 7.74 7.82 7.91 8.00 8.09 8.19 8.28 8.37 8.45 8.51 8.58 8.64 8.70 8.78
Serbia 7.52 7.50 7.50 7.48 7.46 7.44 7.41 7.38 7.35 7.32 7.29 7.23 7.20 7.16 7.13 7.10 7.06 7.02 6.98 6.95 6.90 6.83 6.73
Türkiye 65.81 65.17 66.00 66.79 67.60 68.44 69.30 70.16 71.05 72.04 73.14 74.22 75.18 76.15 77.18 78.22 79.28 80.31
81.41b
82.58b
 83.38 84.15 84.98
India 1,059.63 1,078.97 1,098.31 1,117.42 1,136.26 1,154.64 1,172.37 1,189.69 1,206.73 1,223.64 1,240.61 1,257.62 1,274.49 1,291.13 1,307.25 1,322.87 1,338.64 1,354.20 1,369.00 1,383.11 1,396.39 1,407.56 1,417.17
Israel 6.29 6.44 6.57 6.69 6.81 6.93 7.05 7.18 7.31 7.49 7.62 7.77 7.91 8.06 8.22 8.38 8.55 8.71 8.88 9.05 9.22 9.36 9.55
Japan 126.84 127.15 127.45 127.72 127.76 127.77 127.85 128.00 128.06 128.05 128.07 127.83 127.63 127.45 127.28 127.14 127.08 126.97 126.81 126.63 126.26 125.68 125.12
Chinac 1,262.65 1,271.85 1,280.40 1,288.40 1,296.08 1,303.72 1,311.02 1,317.89 1,324.66 1,331.26 1,337.71 1,345.04 1,354.19 1,363.24 1,371.86 1,379.86 1,387.79 1,396.22 1,402.76 1,407.75 1,411.10 1,412.36 1,412.18
Republic of Korea 47.01 47.37 47.64 47.89 48.08 48.18 48.44 48.68 49.05 49.31 49.55 49.94 50.20 50.43 50.75 51.01 51.22 51.36 51.59 51.76 51.84 51.74 51.63
South Africa 46.81 47.23 47.66 48.10 48.56 49.02 49.49 50.00 50.57 51.17 51.78 52.44 53.15 53.87 54.73 55.88 56.42 56.64 57.34 58.09 58.80 59.39 59.89
Egypt 71.37 72.85 74.39 75.96 77.52 79.08 80.63 82.22 83.84 85.50 87.25 89.20 91.24 93.38 95.59 97.72 99.78 101.79 103.74 105.62 107.47 109.26 110.99
Brazil 175.87 178.21 180.48 182.63 184.72 186.80 188.82 190.78 192.67 194.52 196.35 198.19 199.98 201.72 203.46 205.19 206.86 208.50 210.17 211.78 213.20 214.33 215.31
United States 282.16 284.97 287.63 290.11 292.81 295.52 298.38 301.23 304.09 306.77 309.33 311.58 313.88 316.06 318.39 320.74 323.07 325.12 326.84 328.33 331.51 332.03 333.29
Canada 30.69 31.02 31.36 31.64 31.94 32.24 32.57 32.89 33.25 33.63 34.00 34.34 34.71 35.08 35.44 35.70 36.11 36.55 37.07 37.60 38.01 38.23 38.93
Mexico 97.87 99.39 100.92 102.43 103.95 105.44 106.89 108.30 109.68 111.05 112.53 114.15 115.76 117.29 118.76 120.15 121.52 122.84 124.01 125.09 126.00 126.71 127.50
Australia 19.03 19.27 19.50 19.72 19.93 20.18 20.45 20.83 21.25 21.69 22.03 22.34 22.73 23.13 23.48 23.82 24.19 24.59 24.97 25.34 25.66 25.69 25.98
New Zealand 3.86 3.88 3.95 4.03 4.09 4.13 4.18 4.22 4.26 4.30 4.35 4.38 4.41 4.44 4.52 4.61 4.71 4.81 4.90 4.98 5.09 5.11 5.12

Footnotes

*Download date: 1 December 2023.
aIncluding the overseas territories.
bEstimated figure.
cExcluding Hongkong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Development Indicators (The World bank, Washington D.C.).

Explanation of symbols

__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.