Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Austria 78.3 78.8 78.9 78.8 79.3 79.5 80.1 80.3 80.6 80.5 80.7 81.1 81.1 81.3 81.6 81.3 81.8 81.7 81.8 82.0 81.3 81.3 81.4 81.9
Belgium 77.9 78.1 78.2 78.3 79.0 79.1 79.5 79.9 79.8 80.2 80.3 80.7 80.5 80.7 81.4 81.1 81.5 81.6 81.7 82.1 80.8 81.9 81.8 82.5
Bulgaria 71.6 71.9 72.1 72.3 72.5 72.5 72.7 73.0 73.3 73.7 73.8 74.2 74.4 74.9 74.5 74.7 74.9 74.8 75.0 75.1 73.3 71.2 74.2 75.8
Cyprus 77.7 79.0 78.7 79.0 79.1 78.7 80.1 79.8 80.6 81.0 81.5 81.2 81.1 82.5 82.3 81.8 82.7 82.2 82.9 82.3 82.4 81.3 81.6 82.9
Czechia 75.1 75.3 75.4 75.3 75.9 76.1 76.7 77.0 77.3 77.4 77.7 78.0 78.1 78.3 78.9 78.7 79.1 79.1 79.1 79.3 78.3 77.2 79.0 79.9
Denmark 76.9 77.0 77.1 77.4 77.8 78.3 78.4 78.4 78.8 79.0 79.3 79.9 80.2 80.4 80.7 80.8 80.9 81.1 81.0 81.5 81.6 81.5 81.3 81.8
Estonia 71.1 70.9 71.4 71.9 72.4 73.0 73.2 73.2 74.4 75.3 76.0 76.6 76.7 77.5 77.4 78.0 78.0 78.4 78.5 79.0 78.9 77.2 78.1 79.1
Finland 77.8 78.2 78.3 78.6 79.0 79.1 79.5 79.6 79.9 80.1 80.2 80.6 80.7 81.1 81.3 81.6 81.5 81.7 81.8 82.1 82.0 81.9 81.2 81.6
France 79.2 79.3 79.4 79.3 80.3 80.3 80.9 81.3 81.4 81.5 81.8 82.3 82.1 82.4 82.9 82.4 82.7 82.7 82.8 83.0 82.3 82.4 82.3 83.0
Greece 78.6 79.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 79.6 79.9 79.7 80.2 80.4 80.6 80.8 80.7 81.4 81.5 81.1 81.5 81.4 81.9 81.7 81.4 80.2 80.8 81.8
Netherlands 78.2 78.4 78.5 78.7 79.3 79.6 80.0 80.4 80.5 80.9 81.0 81.3 81.2 81.4 81.8 81.6 81.7 81.8 81.9 82.2 81.4 81.4 81.7 81.9
Croatia .. 74.6 74.7 74.6 75.4 75.3 75.9 75.8 76.0 76.3 76.7 77.2 77.3 77.8 77.9 77.5 78.2 78.0 78.2 78.6 77.6 76.6 77.7 78.6
Ireland 76.6 77.2 77.7 78.2 78.6 79.0 79.3 79.7 80.2 80.2 80.8 80.9 80.9 81.0 81.4 81.5 81.7 82.2
82.2a
82.8a
 82.5 82.3 82.6 82.9
Poland 73.8 74.2 74.5 74.7 74.9 75.0 75.3 75.4 75.6 75.9 76.4 76.8 76.9 77.1 77.8 77.5 78.0 77.8 77.7 78.0
76.4a
75.4a
 77.2
78.4a
Latvia .. .. 70.2 70.6 70.9 70.6 70.6 70.8 72.1 72.8 73.1 73.9 74.1 74.3 74.5 74.8 74.9 74.9 75.1 75.7 75.5 73.1 74.5 75.6
Lithuania 72.1 71.6 71.8 72.0 72.0 71.2 71.0 70.7 71.7 72.9 73.3 73.7 74.1 74.1 74.7 74.6 74.9 75.8 76.0 76.5 75.2 74.2 75.8 77.6
Luxembourg 78.0 78.0 78.1 77.9 79.2 79.6 79.4 79.5 80.7 80.8 80.8 81.1 81.5 81.9 82.3 82.4 82.7 82.1 82.3 82.7 82.2 82.7 83.0 83.4
Hungary 71.9 72.5 72.6 72.6 73.0 73.0 73.5 73.6 74.2 74.4 74.7 75.1 75.3 75.8 76.0 75.7 76.2 76.0 76.2 76.5 75.5 74.1 76.0 76.7
Malta 78.5 78.9 78.8 78.7 79.4 79.4 79.5 79.9 79.7 80.4 81.5 80.9 .. 81.8 82.0 81.9 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.7 82.1 82.3 82.3 83.4
Germany 78.3 78.6 78.6 78.6 79.3 79.4 79.9 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.5 80.6 80.7 80.6 81.2 80.7 81.0 81.1 81.0 81.3 81.1 80.8 80.7 81.1
Italy 79.9 80.3 80.4 80.1 80.9 80.9 81.4 81.6 81.7 81.8 82.2 82.4 82.4 82.9 83.2 82.7 83.4 83.1 83.4 83.6 82.3 82.7 82.8 83.5
Portugal 76.8 77.2 77.4 77.5 78.4 78.2 79.0 79.3 79.5 79.7 80.1 80.7 80.6 80.9 81.3 81.3 81.3 81.6 81.5 81.9 81.5 81.5 81.8 82.5
Romania 71.2 71.1 70.9 71.0 71.4 71.9 72.5 73.1 73.5 73.7 73.7 74.4 74.4 75.1 75.0 74.9 75.2 75.2 75.3
75.6a
74.2a
72.8a
75.1a
76.4a
Spain 79.3 79.8 79.8 79.7 80.4 80.3 81.1 81.1 81.5 81.9 82.4 82.6 82.5 83.2 83.3 83.0 83.5 83.4 83.5 84.0 82.3 83.3 83.2 84.0
Sweden 79.8 79.9 80.0 80.3 80.7 80.7 81.0 81.1 81.3 81.5 81.6 81.9 81.8 82.0 82.3 82.2 82.4 82.5 82.6 83.2 82.4 83.1 83.1 83.4
Slovakia 73.3 73.6 73.8 73.8 74.2 74.1 74.5 74.6 74.9 75.3 75.6 76.1 76.3 76.6 77.0 76.7 77.3 77.3 77.4 77.8 77.0 74.6 77.0 78.2
Slovenia 76.2 76.4 76.6 76.4 77.2 77.5 78.3 78.4 79.1 79.4 79.8 80.1 80.3 80.5 81.2 80.9 81.2 81.2 81.5 81.6 80.6 80.7 81.3 82.0
EUb .. .. 77.6 77.7 78.3 78.4 78.9 79.1 79.3 79.5 79.8 80.1 80.2 80.5 80.8 80.5 80.9 80.9
81.0a
81.3a
80.4a
80.1a
80.6a
81.4a
United Kingdom 77.7 78.0 78.1 78.4 78.7 79.0 79.2 79.4 79.6 80.1 80.4 81.0 80.9 81.0 81.3 81.0 81.2 81.3 81.3 81.4 80.3 80.6 81.0 81.2
Iceland 79.7 80.7 80.6 81.0 81.1 81.5 81.2 81.5 81.6 81.8 81.9 82.4 83.0 82.1 82.9 82.5 82.2 82.6 82.9 83.2 83.1 83.2 82.1 82.4
North Macedonia 73.0 73.4 73.0 73.2 73.6 73.7 73.9 73.8 74.4 74.4 75.0 75.1 74.9 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.4 76.0 76.7 76.6 74.4 73.2 .. ..
Montenegro .. .. .. .. .. 74.0 73.9 74.4 75.2 75.2 76.1 76.1 76.3 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.6 76.9 76.7 75.9 73.8 .. 77.6
Norway 78.8 79.0 79.0 79.6 80.1 80.3 80.6 80.6 80.8 81.0 81.2 81.4 81.5 81.8 82.2 82.4 82.5 82.7 82.8 83.0 83.3 83.2 82.5 83.1
Russia 65.5 65.4 65.1 65.0 65.5 65.5 66.7 67.6 67.9 68.7 68.8 69.7 70.1 70.6 70.7 71.2 71.7 72.5 72.7 73.1 71.3 69.9 72.5 73.3
Switzerland 80.0 80.5 80.6 80.7 81.3 81.5 81.8 82.0 82.3 82.3 82.7 82.8 82.8 82.9 83.3 83.0 83.7 83.7 83.8 84.0 83.1 83.9 83.7 84.3
Serbia 71.6 72.3 72.3 72.5 72.7 72.8 73.4 73.7 73.9 74.0 74.4 74.6 74.9 75.3 75.4 75.3 75.7 75.6 75.9 76.0 74.5 72.8 75.2 76.2
Türkiye 71.9 72.3 72.6 72.9 73.2 73.5 73.8 74.1 74.4 74.7 75.0 74.8 75.6 76.2 76.5 76.5 76.6 77.0 77.5 77.7 76.5 75.7 77.6 77.2
India 62.7 63.2 63.6 64.1 64.5 64.9 65.4 65.8 66.2 66.7 67.2 67.6 68.1 68.5 68.9 69.3 69.7 70.1 70.4 70.7 70.2 67.3 71.7 72.0
Israel 79.0 79.4 79.5 79.6 80.1 80.2 80.6 80.5 81.0 81.4 81.6 81.7 81.7 82.1 82.2 82.1 82.4 82.6 82.8 82.8 82.6 82.5 82.7 83.2
Japan 81.1 81.4 81.7 81.8 82.0 82.0 82.3 82.5 82.6 82.9 82.8 82.6 83.1 83.3 83.6 83.8 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.4 84.6 84.4 84.0 84.0
China 72.3 72.7 73.0 73.4 73.7 74.1 74.4 74.8 74.8 75.3 75.7 75.9 76.2 76.5 76.7 77.0 77.2 77.2 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.0
Republic of Korea 75.9 76.4 76.8 77.2 77.7 78.2 78.7 79.1 79.5 80.0 80.1 80.6 80.8 81.3 81.7 82.0 82.3 82.6 82.6 83.2 83.4 83.5 82.7 83.4
South Africa 58.4 57.2 55.6 54.2 54.0 53.9 54.2 54.9 56.0 57.4 58.9 60.6 61.7 62.4 63.2 64.1 64.7 65.4 65.7 66.1 65.2 62.0 65.5 66.1
Brazil 69.6 70.0 70.4 70.9 71.4 71.8 72.3 72.7 73.1 73.5 73.8 74.0 74.3 74.6 74.8 75.1 75.1 75.4 75.6 75.8 74.5 73.0 74.9 75.8
United States 76.6 76.8 76.9 77.0 77.5 77.5 77.7 78.0 78.0 78.4 78.5 78.6 78.7 78.7 78.8 78.7 78.5 78.5 78.6 78.8 77.0 76.3 77.4 78.4
Canada 79.2 79.4 79.5 79.7 80.0 80.1 80.5 80.5 80.7 81.1 81.3 81.5 81.7 81.7 81.8 81.8 81.9 81.8 81.8 82.2 81.5 81.5 81.2 81.6
Mexico 72.6 72.9 73.1 73.3 73.4 73.6 73.7 73.8 73.7 73.6 73.7 73.9 74.1 74.3 74.4 74.4 74.4 74.3 74.3 74.5 70.4 69.8 74.0 75.1
Australia 79.2 79.6 79.9 80.2 80.5 80.8 81.0 81.3 81.4 81.5 81.7 81.9 82.0 82.1 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.5 82.7 82.9 83.2 83.3 83.2 83.1
New Zealand 78.6 78.7 78.8 79.1 79.5 79.9 80.0 80.2 80.4 80.7 80.9 81.2 81.4 81.4 81.5 81.6 81.7 81.9 81.7 82.1 82.3 82.2 82.0 83.0

Footnotes

*Download date: 15 July 2025.
aEstimated figure.
bThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
Source: Eurostat (Luxembourg); World Development Indicators (The World Bank, Washington).

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.