Housing

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King Leopold I gave Debrecen free royal town status in a patent dated 11 April 1693, in commemoration of this event the city is celebrating since 1998 its day on 11 April. Debrecen was the capital of the country twice, since the mid-1980s it is the second most populous city of Hungary (preceding Miskolc). It is a significant economic and educational-cultural centre. The city is the first in the rank of county seats considering the number of registered enterprises, and the University of Debrecen hosts, among the tertiary educational institutions of Hungary, the most foreign students.

In March 2025, rents were broadly stagnant (-0.1%) nationally, while in Budapest they increased (0.7%) compared to the previous month. The nominal rent index for March was 116% higher than the 2015 base nationally, 107% higher in the capital and 27% and 21% higher respectively in real terms. Over a year, nominal rents increased by 7-8% and real rents by 2-3%.

The Sectoral Overview chapter of the publication ‘TÉR-KÉP, 2023 (Map-Snap)’, shows the spatial differences in Hungary through the state of some sections of the economy (agriculture, industry, construction, catering and trade). In 2023, housing construction is still concentrated in some districts of and the agglomeration of the capital, the shores of Lake Balaton, the north-western part of the country and some large cities in the Great Hungarian Plain. In the districts of Siófok and Mosonmagyaróvár, as well as in the districts XIII, IX and XI of Budapest, the number of housing constructions per 10 000 inhabitants was exceptionally high, more than three times higher than the national average (19). The complete publication is available in Hungarian at: TÉR-KÉP, 2023.

In 2024, 13,295 new homes were built, 29% fewer than a year earlier. The number of dwellings to be built on the basis of issued construction permits and simple declarations was 20,494, 4.7% fewer than in 2023.

In Q3 2024, the domestic housing market continued to expand, with sales 14% higher than in the same period of the previous year. The rise in housing prices slowed in Q3, with prices of second-hand dwellings virtually stagnating compared to the previous quarter and new dwellings falling by 2.2%. However, the rapid rise at the beginning of the year pushed up housing prices in the aggregate housing market by 12 percentage points in nominal terms and 8.5% in real terms compared to a year earlier.

In the first half of 2024, housing lending in Hungary gained new momentum: in half a year, the stock of housing loans increased by 5.7%. The number and amount of loans granted and the average loan amount were all significantly higher than a year earlier. Among the housing loans granted, the number and average amount of loans granted for the purchase of second-hand and new dwellings also increased. There has not yet been a turnaround in the disbursement of loans for housing construction.

The number of housing units built fell by nearly a tenth, reaching a five-year low in 2023. Housing construction costs continued to rise at a slower pace, but still at double-digit rates. In addition to the rising cost of home building, the sharp fall in construction sentiment was also influenced by higher interest rates on housing loans. Both the number and the amount of loans disbursed fell sharply. Housing market turnover fell by almost a quarter and home price growth slowed significantly compared to a year earlier.

The yearbook provides an overview of Hungary's demographic, social and economic processes, environmental characteristics and their changes over time, with the help of tens of thousands of data of 500 tables, graphs and maps. Innovatively, the Tourism, catering chapter in the volume includes the gross receipts of tourist accommodation establishments by type of accommodation. Another change is that this year the Regional data chapter already presents territorial data by tourism area, giving greater emphasis to tourist destinations.

Geopolitical tensions continued to overshadow economic developments in 2023, with the gross domestic product falling by 0.9%. Inflationary pressures gradually eased, but the 17.6% annual increase in consumer prices led to a decline in real earnings and consumption, and negatively affected investment decisions. Despite the economic difficulties, employment has reached a record high. In 2023, the number of deaths and births continued to fall, in addition to the decrease in the number of women of childbearing age.

The tables and graphs in the latest edition of the Statistical Pocketbook of Hungary provide a comprehensive insight into the evolution of social and economic trends in Hungary in 2023. Its international chapter allows for comparisons of major data primarily on member states of the European Union. The publication amasses, starting this year, commercial, private and other accommodation establishments in one unit.